Page:American Anthropologist NS vol. 22.djvu/79

 PARSONS] ISLETA, SANTA ANA, AND ACOMA 6j

tsiyadyuye', they would become u'pi\ As at Zuni the skulls of the animals are deposited in a cave.

Including one u'pi* k'a'ach or chiva (Sp. kiva) there are five k'a'ach. They are associated with the cheani cheani k'a'ach.

As well as I could make out the k'atsina or masked impersona- tions are likewise associated with the cheani. And impersonators were referred to as at Laguna as k'atsina cheani. The k'atsina function for rain, crops, and animals, and for the sick. The associa- tion of the k'atsina with the Antelope and Badger clans, a promi- nent association at Zuni and Laguna, does not appear. These clans are not found at Santa Ana. The cheani and "maasewi" and "uyoyewi" are leaders for the k'atsina, and "maasewi" officers, the tsamahiye, their guards.

The clans of Acoma are: Antelope, Sun, Corn divided into Yellow Corn and Red Corn, Bear, Oak, Parrot, Chaparral Cock, Eagle, Turkey, Pumpkin (tani), Mustard (ise) 1 Snake, 2 Sky or Water. Extinct clans are Lizard 3 and Red Ant. 4

��1 Sophia halictorum Cockerell, Mustard Family. Seed corn is "washed" or more probably sprinkled in a decoction of this plant to make it grow quickly. For a like practice with sage brush compare Stevenson, M. C. "Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians," Thirtieth Annual Report, Bureau of American Ethnology, (1915), pp. 878,

This clan is the aiyahokwe of Zuni ("Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians," p. 86) and the asa of Hopi. Aiyahokwe and asa have been called Tansy-Mustard. An Acoma acquaintance supplied me with the specimen which was subsequently identified in the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Meanwhile I showed it to a Laguna acquaintance. Shuma wawa (dead, medicine) he called it. People drink a decoction of it to make them forget the dead. "Like ise, little different," he added. "I note that at Zuni there is a mustard which is boiled and drunk by the ne'wekwe ' to loosen their tongues that they may talk like fools and drunken men.'" ("Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians," p. 91). This plant, I infer, is the shuma wawa of Laguna. I may say that ise was once described to me at Acoma as poisonous. I infer that the Laguna man mistook the piece of ise which I showed him for the other variety of mustard and I conclude that there are two varieties of mustard one of which the clan (ise, aiyahokwe, asa} is named after, and the other of which is used ritually in connection with the dead or by the foolhardy ne'wekwe. We touch here upon an interesting although still obscure ceremonial complex. The asa, according to Fewkes a Tanoan clan that mi- grated to Laguna and thence to Zuni and thence to Hopi, are identified with the chakwena. ("The Winter Solstice Ceremony at Walpi," American Anthropologist, vol. xi (1898), pp. 71-2). Now the chakwena, a war god cult at Laguna and Zuni, are connected ceremonially with the shikani-kurena of Laguna who are to be equated with the shiwannakwe and ne'wekwe of Zuni, organizations whose ritual may be seen to be associated with the dead and with war.

2 Only one clansman left. 3 Identified by one informant with Snake.

4 Bandelier mentions seventeen clans including four corn clans, "and one name

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