Page:American Anthropologist NS vol. 22.djvu/71

 PARSONS] IS LET A, SANTA ANA, AND AGO MA 59

With no k'atsina, there is of course no k'atsina organization; but the rest of the ceremonial organization, with perhaps one highly interesting exception, appears to correspond to the Keresan type of organization. There are two groups of cheani or medicine-men (kaari) Flint (duai kaan), in Keresan hishchean, and Fire (biure kaari), in Keresan hakani; and there are, as among the Keresans, three "war captains," annually elective officers with ceremonial functions. In summer, in a drought, the war captains will ask the kaan to hold a ceremony. Then for four days the people at large may make no smoke out doors. 1 On the third day one group of men will clean up the town and another group will go on a hunt, the spoils to go to the kaan. 2 On the fourth night in the estufa the ceremony is held all night until dawn. The ceremony is open to all (excepting of course whites), even to the Laguna people of Isleta. In that great split of the medicine-men of Laguna a half century ago which led to migration to Isleta the Flint and Fire together with some of the shahaiye medicine-men were among the emigrants. 3 The Flint and Fire groups from Laguna consolidated with the same groups in Isleta. There is still one shguyu (giant) cheani (perhaps the shahaiye referred to, as the shguyu were a division of the sha- haiye) in Isleta. He goes with the Fire society. 4

The kaan use the two estufas already referred to the Flint

1 Cp. E. C. Parsons, "Notes on Zuni," Pt. i, Memoirs American Anthropological Association, vol. iv, 1917, no. 3, p. 164.

2 At Laguna the morning after the communal hunt (oshach kauutsina goanya, hunt in honor (?) of Sun) in connection with the summer solstice ceremonial, i.e.. the morning before the night of the all-night ceremony I saw the war captain go from house to house collecting the rabbits. The rabbits had been skinned. It is said that they are placed on the altar. The war captain on coming to the door will say to the woman of the house:

chauutawe hachtse tyieti' pedra tsuna

kill men rabbits jack rabbits prairie dogs

Formerly there were at Laguna, as there still are at Zuni, k'atsina hunts. The war captain would take a package of tobacco to k'atsina hocheni (chief) and invite the k'atsina to go on a hunt.

3 E. C. Parsons, "Notes on Acoma and Laguna," American Anthropologist, N.S., vol. xx, (1918), p. 184; "Ceremonialism at Laguna," Anthropological Papers, American Museum of Natural History, vol. xix, pt. 3, pp. 108-9.

4 My informant Felipe had been a Fire cheani at Isleta. He himself never men- tioned the fact.

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