Page:American Anthropologist NS vol. 22.djvu/310

 298 AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [N. s., 22, 1920

DlD THE SO-CALLED CLIFF DWELLERS OF CENTRAL ARIZONA ALSO

BUILD "HOGANS"?

SPREADING west from the desert of the little Colorado river upward toward the pine clad slopes of the San Francisco mountains the evidence of ,an ancient population is everywhere apparent. Ruins of large pueblos and forts crown some of the cinder cones. Small isolated castles top the crags in the canyons. Cliff houses cower under overhanging ledges while the remains of small stone houses and pueblo-like groups of houses lie scattered over the gray plains among the cedars and the pines. 1

Potsherds gathered from these sites have the same characteristics, black geometrical designs on a white slip, black geometrical designs on a red slip, corrugated ware and red bowls with polished black interiors. This complex of pottery has associated with it in the canyons, burials containing skulls showing a flattening of the back of the head. This is a

characteristic of the cliff-dweller culture as described by Kidder. 2 The pottery except for the red bowls with the black interior is similar to that found by Kidder in the Marsh Pass region. A few

���FIG. I4 .-Plans of single and double vestibuled houses. The single houses scat- potsherds similar to those described tered through the pine forests at the foot by Kidder as belonging to another of the San Francisco mountains, over the type which he has called the slab- sage brush plains and lava flows, and on house culture haye been gathered the crests of the cedar clothed craters are. , common. The twin houses are rare and n S me f the SltCS ' have been found in but two of the larger Among the ruins of pueblos and groups or villages. In both types of houses small houses at the base of the San the characteristic feature is the vestibule Francisco mountains, in groups in or entrance on the south or southeast side. the pine forest Qr j n the cedar and

The houses figured here lie one quarter of ._ .. 11-

., _ ~. pmon groves, usually overlooking

a mile north of the Flagstaff City reservoir. *

a flat or a natural park, regular

rows of boulders, strike the eye of the careful observer. Similar boulder sites have been described by Mindeleff in the neighboring Verde valley. 3 The rows of small boulders enclose squares ranging from fifteen to twenty- feet on a side. A characteristic of these squares, which has not been

1 M. R. F. and H. S. Colton, "Little known Small House Ruins in the Coconino Forest," Memoirs, American Anthropological Association, vol. v, no. 4, 1918.

2 Kidder and Guernsey, " Archeological Exploration in Northeastern Arizona," Bulletin 65, Bureau, American Ethnology, 1919.

3 C. Mindeleff, "Aboriginal Remains in the Verde Valley, Arizona," Thirteenth Annual Report, Bureau of American Ethnology, 1891-1892, 1896, p. 237.

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