Page:American Anthropologist NS vol. 22.djvu/308

 296 AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [N. s., 22, 1920

European articles were found. Their earlier villages are much farther west, the nearest identified positively as Erie being at Willoughby, Ohio. This is pre-European. Others seem to be located between Cleveland and Toledo.

The Seneca Nation had entered their New York homes only a short time before the advent of the Europeans. Their movements from their latest Stone Age villages to their historic villages of 1687 are well known. Their earlier movements, which ended with their occupation of the country between Canadaigua lake and the Genesee river, are well marked by one line, possibly two lines, of hill top forts leading from the south- ward up the valley of the Genesee, thence from the westward over the hills of Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties to a point south of Dunkirk, New York, where their culture seems to merge with an early Erian type. Certainly this nation then, migrated as did both the Neuters and the Eries, from the westward.

The migrations of the Andastes, the Tuscaroras and the Cherokees have never been studied. There seem to be evidences of similarity between the pottery of Stone Age Andastes and Stone Age Eries; and it is entirely possible that these Andastes were an offshoot of the Eries who entered the valley of the Susquehanna by means of some one of the branches of the Allegheny river.

Neither has there been any study of the early archaeology of the Hurons or the Tionnondadies, yet every evidence points to their immi- gration into their historic homes from the west. Certainly both were relatively late comers into a country occupied by Algonkian nations. Certainly advanced bands moved eastward during pre-European times and established themselves on the St. Lawrence river, where they were met by Cartier. Certainly in the eighty years intervening between the visits of Cartier and Champlain these bands moved southward into New York where they became known as the Mohawks, Oneidas, and Onon- dagas. These bands certainly came from the west as far as the St. Lawrence. There is no evidence that the main band of the Hurons came from the north, and their movement northward from New York would have been limited by Lake Ontario. Therefore there is good reason to suppose that they like the Neuters, came from the westward, across the Detroit or St. Clair river, into their historic seats in Canada.

Eliminating however as doubtful the possible movements of the Hurons and the southern confederations of the Cherokees and Tuscaroras, there is still indubitable evidence that there was a migration eastward of strong members of the Iroquoian family of nations, which were to crystal-

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