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Publ. A. A. E., vol. vin, p. 306, pi. 23, 1910); and that Boscana's Indians were not strictly Luiseno but Juaneno and in part Gabrielino.

The material preserved and discussed in this little monograph by Mr. Heye is a valuable series; the precision and compactness of his descriptions, and the sanity of his findings, are pleasing.

A. L. KROEBER

Calendars of the Indians North of Mexico. LEONA COPE. (University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, vol. xvi, no. 4, November 6, 1919, pp. 119-176, 3 maps.) This paper is the product of a remarkable pedagogical device origi- nated by Professors Kroeber and Waterman in their joint management of a proseminar at Berkeley. Confronted with a group of students often intelligent and eager to work but handicapped by a relatively slight degree of scientific training, they have selected and assigned problems usually of distribution that called for solution yet were not dispropor- tionately difficult for the participants.

Miss Cope's essay is the first publication that developed from this course and amply justifies the method of procedure. With great industry she has gone over the available literature and abstracted relevant data. Her search has resulted in the tentative establishment of three types of calendars: descriptive, astronomical, and numeral. The first is charac- terized by the exclusive use of descriptive designations for the lunar months; it is spread over the Mackenzie, Northeastern and South- eastern Woodland areas, and occurs among some of the Southwestern nomads. In the Northwest and Southwest, as well as among some of the Eskimo, a recognition of the solstices is linked vvith descriptive terms. Finally, there is the numbered type in which numeral desig- nations partly or entirely supplement descriptive terms; its distribution is restricted to the Northwest and adjoining regions. As Miss Cope takes pains to point out, there is throughout a clear predominance of the descriptive nomenclature, astronomical and numeral motives playing a subsidiary part. From the point of view of distribution, of course, minor features become significant and Miss Cope has carefully plotted some of them on her maps. She merits the gratitude of ethnologists for having so faithfully achieved an arduous task and facilitated the labors of future workers in this field.

ROBERT H. LOWIE

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