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 SHETRONE] CULTURE PROBLEM IN OHIO ARCHAEOLOGY IJl

seems to have been definitely established, although the order of their appearance and disappearance remains to be determined. In 1904, Professor Mills, incident to the exploration of an important Hopewell tumulus (the Harness mound, in Ross county) examined a small mound adjacent thereto, 1 which proved to be Fort Ancient in its origin. However, near the top of the mound he found, intru- sively, a typical Hopewell cremated burial. Obviously, the Fort Ancient had preceded the Hopewell at this particular place. But, in 1915, in exploring the Tremper mound (Hopewell) in Scioto county, several intrusive Fort Ancient burials, with characteristic implements, were found in the top of the tumulus. 2 Thus, so far, the evidence as to priority of occupation, for the Ohio area as a whole, stood at neutral; but, while in a sense disconcerting, this neutralized evidence was suggestive of fact in another direction namely, that the two groups were contemporaneous in their pres- ence. Further evidence in support of this surmise was forthcoming when, in 1916, the Feurt mounds and village site, directly across the Scioto river from the Tremper mound, were explored. In this extensive Fort Ancient site were found copper implements and ornaments of typical Hopewell manufacture 3 and corresponding in every respect with those taken from the Tremper mound. Com- parison of the copper objects from these two sites, each so typical of the highly contrasted cultures which they represent, could result in no other reasonable conclusion than that the two sites were oc- cupied simultaneously. Other similar instances, almost as striking in their significance, have been recorded, but need not be cited here. The indications as to time relations for the Adena, the Stone Grave and the Iroquoian groups have been noted previously.

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Fowke, Gerard, " Archaeological History of Ohio," Ohio State Archaeological and His- torical Society. Columbus, 1902.

Holmes, W. H., (i) " Aboriginal Pottery of the Eastern United States," Twentieth Annual Report, Bureau of American Ethnology, i8g8-QQ. Washington, 1903. (2) " Areas of American Culture Characterization Tentatively Outlined," American Anthropologist, N. s., vol. xvi, 1914.

1 Mills: p. 82.

2 Mills: p. 123.

3 Mills: p. in.

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