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 SHETRONE] CULTURE PROBLEM IN OHIO ARCHAEOLOGY 157

demonstrate the striking individuality and specialized development which they possess. The extent to which the peculiar Hopewell traits appear in the area south of the Ohio river, and vice versa, is very meager; in fact, only such as would naturally result from in- trusive entry through tribal intercourse, commerce, and other means of diffusion. Of the objects characteristic of the dominant culture of the southern area, namely, pottery with color decorations and modeled in life forms; large finely made discoidal stones; large pipes in animal and human forms; engraved gorgets and "hairpins" of shell; repousse copper plates; large chipped flint implements; and reel-shaped and spool-shaped objects of copper only the last named can be said to be anywhere near to common occurrence in the areas to the north and south of the Ohio river.

Moorehead sees strong evidence of southern origin for the Hopewell group, 1 basing his belief mainly on the great cache of flint disks found in a mound of the Hopewell works. This flint, he states, appears to be from quarries on Little river, Tennessee. Taken alone, this item of evidence would appear as significant; but as later explorations have shown that the group made free use of similar nodular flint from the deposits of southern Indiana, and in view of the fact that they had extensive recourse to many materials from distant sources of supply as obsidian, obtainable in a wide area of the western country; copper, from the Great Lakes region; mica, quartz, and steatite from the southeastern states it would hardly appear to be of definite value.

Professor W. H. Holmes, considering only the pottery of the group, finds that the product of the Hopewell ceramic art belongs to his Northwestern group. 2 This slight indication appears to be of definite value, since similar resemblance with respect to other artifacts of Hopewell use is found throughout the extent of a strip of territory extending northwestward from Ohio, across Indiana and into Iowa. This resemblance, applying to pottery-ware, pipes, and some other minor relics, would seem to point to archaeo- logical relationship or affinity, or ^% indicate a northwestward trend

1 Moorehead (2) : p. 145.

2 Holmes (i) : p. 188.

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