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 powell] SOCIOLOGY, OR THE SCIENCE OF INSTITUTIONS 495

the languages in which knowledge was buried, and their purpose seemed to be expression rather than knowledge.

Common schools are not the only corporations for expression ; there are schools or clubs of oratory and many literary clubs whose function is to train in expression rather than to derive pleasure from literature.

Corporations for the Purpose of Obtaining Knowledge. — There are many corporations of this character, and to properly set them forth we must touch them with the wand of pentology. Classi- fied in this manner, they become corporations for instruction in the knowledge relating to pleasure, welfare, justice, expression, and opinion. Thus fine-art schools are organized to promote a knowledge of the arts of pleasure, industrial schools to promote the arts of industry. We may pause here to note how the schools of industry are classified, (i) There are schools of sub- stantiation, such as schools of agriculture and schools of mining; (2) there are schools of construction, such as schools of manual training; (3) there are schools of technology, which are schools of mechanics ; (4) there are business schools, under various names, which are schools of training in commerce ; finally, (5) there are medical schools. Returning to the principal series, we find schools of justice ; these are known as law schools. Then there are schools of expression, as we have already shown ; finally, there are schools whose purpose is knowledge ; these are the high schools, colleges, and universities. In addition to these there are many corporations designed to promote knowledge.

After this consideration of the subject we are prepared to give a new definition to the science. Economics is the science of the relation of production to consumption through the mediation of corporations.

CIVICS

In characterizing the science of economics we have set forth the nature of possessions as exhibited in property, wealth, capital,

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