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 47^ AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [n. s., i, 1899

stituted by men for the regulation of society, and do not include the material things which they produce by their industry.

When we examine the subject-matter of any treatise on so- ciology we usually find it dealing with the laws of institutions by which conduct is governed, and with the attempt to enforce these laws by governmental, moral, customary, ceremonial, and fashionable sanction. I use the term sociology to distinguish one of five coordinate sciences : esthetology, technology, so- ciology, philology, and sophiology, and I call all of these sciences Demonomy.

I classify the sciences of sociology as statistics, economics, civics, histories, and ethics, and shall attempt to characterize them for the purpose only of setting forth their nature. I shall not extend the discussion into a treatise on the sciences of sociology severally, my purpose being classification only ; for the end in view is to exhibit the logical necessity of making a pentalogic classification of all the sciences of demonomy in order that I may set forth the nature of qualities and how these qualities are founded on the universal properties of substances, having in view still another purpose, which is to classify and characterize the emotions. Pleasure, welfare, justice, expression, and opinion are concomitant; one cannot exist without the other, hence there can be no sociology without esthetology, technology, philology, and sophiology.

We must now explain why we put sociology third in the order of demotic sciences. In industries, we discuss natural forces under the rubric of mechanics, but we discuss only the forces not human — we consider only those of the environment of mankind, or those which exist in the air, water, rocks, plants, and the lower animals, and consider how they are developed from natural con- ditions by devices of control. In sociology, we consider human forces exhibited in activities which ultimately arise through metabolism, so that men control their own actions or conduct in obedience to their judgments of good and evil. Thus sociology

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