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 334 AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [n. s„ i. 1B99

This whole discussion of mechanics may be considered as ex- ceedingly elementary and to be but a simple exposition of com- mon knowledge. It serves the purpose of this discussion all the better for this fact, for we are trying to exhibit the nature of the activities in which men engage for the purpose of classifying them and discovering how five properties of matter and only five are recognized in these activities, and for the further purpose of showing how they lead to five classes of emotions.

COMMERCE

The fourth great class of industries in which men engage for the purpose of obtaining welfare is commerce. Men do not pro- duce substances everyone for himself, but everyone for others. They do not produce constructions everyone for himself, but everyone for others. They do not produce powers everyone for himself, but they produce powers everyone for others. The pro- duction of substances, artifacts, and powers are designed for the consumption of others; they thus become the materials for exchange, which are then goods.

Goods are produced, as we have already seen, by substantia- tion, construction, and mechanics, and there are other agencies which we have not yet considered. These products pass from one person to another in exchange before they are consumed as an entelechy. Every exchange implies a production and a consump- tion until the entelic consumption is reached.

The five properties of matter give rise to five elements of com- merce, which we must now set forth. The first element of com- merce consists of the goods or kinds of things which are exchanged. The second element is transportation, which means the transfer of commodities from one person or place to another. The third element is the labor involved in making the exchanges. The fourth element involved is the money employed as the medium of exchange and measure of value. The fifth element employed is advertising, which is the method of informing those who desire

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