Page:American Anthropologist NS vol. 1.djvu/305

 26o AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [n. s., i, 1899

While there are Tewa men from Hano in several of the Hopi villages, where they have families, no Tewa woman lives in Walpi. This is of course due to the fact that the matriarchal system exists, and that a girl on marrying lives with her mother or with her clan, while a newly married man goes to the home of his wife's clan to live.

There are differences in marriage and mortuary customs, in the way the women wear their hair, 1 and in other minor matters, but at present the great difference between the Hopi and the Tewa is in their religious ceremonials, which, next to language, are the most persistent features of their tribal life. Hano has a very limited ritual ; it celebrates in August a peculiar rite known as Sumykoli, or the sun prayer-stick making, as well as the THhtai midwinter ceremony, the altars of which are described herein. There are also many katcina dances which are not different from those performed at Walpi. One group of clown priests, called Paiakyamil, is characteristic of Hano. Compared with the elabo- rate ritual of the Hopi pueblo, that of Hano is poor ; but Tewa men are members of most of the religious societies of Walpi, and some of the women take part in the basket dance (Lalakonti) and Mamzrauti, in that village.

The following Tewa names for months are current at Hano :

January, Eto-p*o, " Wooden-cup moon " ; refers to the cups, made of wood, used by the Tcukuwympkiyas in a ceremonial game. February, Kduton-p'o, " Singing moon."

��1 One of the differences in custom between Hopi and Tewa women is the method of making their coiffures. Unmarried girls of Walpi and Hano dress their hair in the same manner, with whorls above the ears. Married women have different ways of wearing their hair in the two pueblos. During the wedding ceremonies at Hano the mother of the bride, in the presence of guests, combs her daughter's hair, or that part of it on the front of the scalp, over the face, so that it hangs down like a veil. She ties the hair on the back of the head in two coils, one of which hangs on either side, but the hair before the face she cuts on a level with the chin, beginning at the top of the ears. The hair which remains is too short to be done up in coils, and is simply brushed to one side or the other. Among Hopi married women all the hair is included in the two coils, and the " bang " is absent.

AM. ANTH. N. S., X— 17

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