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 144 AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [n. s. f I, 1899

Three pueblos have more than one thousand souls each, while Santa Clara has but 225. The type is too well known, from the researches of trained investigators, to need any extended notice here. The Santa Clara Indians belong to the Tanoan stock. They call themselves Owi'ni, and their village Ka'fta, a name which seems to contain the root pa, water. They are aware of their relationship to the people of the Tusayan village of Hano, which some of their old men have visited. Nearly all have Spanish names in addition to their proper Indian names. They elect a governor, or chief, every year. Their present governor, Diego Naranjo, with the last ex-governor, old Jos£ de Jesus Naranjo, accompanied the party, the former bearing as his staff of office an inscribed silver-headed cane presented to the pueblo by President Lincoln in 1863.

A small but notable delegation was that of the Tonkawa, who call themselves Ti chkan-wdtich, " indigenous people," a title arrogated by half the insignificant little tribes known to ethnol- ogy. Although the mere remnant of a people on the verge of extinction, the Tonkawa are of peculiar interest from the fact that, so far as present knowledge goes, they constitute a distinct linguistic stock, and are the only existing cannibal tribe of the United States, while historically they are the sole representatives of the Indians of the old Alamo mission, whose most tragic inci- dent had its parallel in the massacre that practically wiped out their tribe.

Living originally in southern Texas, the Tonkawa experienced all the vicissitudes that come to a vagrant and outcast people until they were finally gathered, in 1859, on what is now the Kiowa reservation, having their village on the south bank of the Washita, just above the present Anadarko. The other tribes, which hated them for their cannibal habit and for the assistance which they had given the troops in various border campaigns, took advan- tage of the confusion resulting from the outbreak of the rebel- lion to settle old scores, and joining forces against the Tonkawa,

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