Page:American Anthropologist NS vol. 1.djvu/155

130 AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [n. s, I, 1899 extinct Kichai, while with the Tonkawa, themselves on the verge of extinction, was a single woman of the broken tribe of the Lipan.

A glance at the list will show that four-fifths of the Indians thus brought together represented but a single type, the ordinary tipi tribes of the plains. The wood carvers of the Columbia, the shell workers and basket makers of Oregon and California, the Na- vaho weavers, the Pawnee — aboriginal owners of Nebraska, — the tribes of the gulf states, now living in Indian Territory, and the historic Iroquois of the long-house were unrepresented.

Linguistically, the tribes are classified as follows : ALGONQUIAN STOCK — Arapaho, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Potawatomi, Sauk and Fox; Athapascan STOCK — Chiricahua Apache, San Carlos Apache, Kiowa Apache, Lipan ; CADDOAN STOCK — Wichita, Kichai ; Salishan STOCK — Flathead, Spokan, Kalispel ; SlOUAN STOCK — Assiniboin, Crow, Iowa, Omaha, Oto, Ponka, Sioux, Win- nebago ; Tanoan STOCK — Santa Clara Pueblo ; ToNKAWAN STOCK — Tonkawa ; Yuman stock — Mohave.

We shall now speak in detail of some of the tribes, beginning with one of the most interesting. The Wichita, with their con- federates, the Waco, Tawakoni, and Kichai, numbering now alto- gether only about 320, belong to the Caddoan stock, and reside on a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma. The first three are practically one people and speak a dialect of the Pawnee language, the Tawakoni particularly claiming close relationship with the Skidi division of the Pawnee. The Kichai, reduced now to about 60 souls, are the remnant of a tribe from eastern Texas, with a distinct language of their own. The Wichita call themselves Kitikltish, meaning literally, " racoon eyelids," but understood to signify " tattooed eyelids," from a former custom among the men of tattooing lines upon the eyelids. The women tattoo lines upon the chin, and some of the older ones have their breasts cov- ered with tattooed designs. From this custom the Wichita de- rived their French name of Panis Piques. The common name of

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