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118 on the other side, but keep along its little valley to its junction with the Snake, when we have reached the extreme limits of the Walla Walla Valley on the north-east.

The Alpowah is a shallow, but unfailing stream, with a small, fertile border of bottom-land, cultivated chiefly by the Nez Perce Indians. The corn and melon-vines look unusually thrifty, and occasionally quite a comfortable house is to be seen; but, generally, a wigwam of matting, or a tent of skins, suffices for the requirements of these restless people. So near the Snake River the characteristics of Idaho begin to appear; excessive heat, and splendid flowering cacti, making gorgeous the hot sands of the river-side.

To sum up, before leaving it, the advantages of the Walla Walla Valley: we find that it is lovely in aspect, fertile, of a mild temperature, and well situated with regard to river and railroad transportation and markets, both east and west. The area of country upon the north-west coast, which will produce peaches, Indian corn, sugar-cane, sweet-potatoes, melons, and grapes, as well as the cereals, is limited, and confined almost exclusively to the territory east of the Cascades. Therefore, this valley has a double value, inasmuch as it will produce all these fruits, in addition to grains. It has, besides, innumerable facilities for manufacture, especially for woolen goods—the water-power and the wool being abundant. Nothing is lacking except railroad communications with the Columbia River and the East, to establish its importance; and that is what its citizens are now struggling to obtain.