Page:Alexander Macbain - An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language.djvu/54

xxx. The following suffixes belong to this branch of word-building:—
 * ‑lach, from *slougo‑, now sluagh; seen in teaghlach, dòrlach, òglach, youth, etc.
 * ‑radh, from *rêda, W. rwyd (see réidh); seen in reabhradh, madraidh, dogs, òigridh, youth, macraidh, sons, rìghre, kings, gnìomharra, deeds.
 * ‑mhor, ‑or, from mór, great; it makes adjec&shy;tives from nouns, etc.: lìonmhor, etc.
 * ‑ail, like; from samhail, amhail: rìoghail for rìogh-amhail, king‑like.
 * ‑an, diminutive masculine, O. Ir. án, Ogmic ‑agnos, for *apo-gno‑s, root gen, bear (Stokes): as in fearan, truaghan, etc.
 * ‑ag, diminutive fem. in G., O. Ir. ‑óc (masc. and fern.), from óc, óg, young: seen in caileag, etc.
 * ‑seach. This feminine termination has been explained by Stokes as from O. Ir. es, a fem. form, with the adjec&shy;tival addition *iqâ, and this es he deduces from W. es, which comes from Lat. issa. Cf. baiseach, cláir&shy;seach, bonnsach, céirseach or ciarseach (Ir.).

(2) The compound may be one noun governing another in the genitive: mac-leisg, and all the personal names in mac, gille, maol.

(3) Uninflected prefixes:
 * a. Negative prefixes—I. E. ṇ, G. an before vowels, aineol, ion‑, in- before b, d, g (iongantas), eu- (ao‑) before t, c, s (aotrom for é-trom, *ṇ-trommo‑s).
 * To this negative add also mi‑, neo‑, as- (eas‑), di- (der- = di-air‑).
 * b. Prefixes of quality: do (do-char), and so- (so-char); and the intensive ro‑.

(4) Old adverbial forms and all prepositions. These prepositions are often combined with one or two other prepo&shy;sitions.
 * ad‑, Lat. ad: faic = f‑ad-ci; àireamh (= ad-rîm‑).
 * aith‑, ad‑, *ati‑, re‑, continual&shy;ly confused with the above prep. (aith gives accented é as in épiur; ad gives a as in aca): abair (*ad-ber‑), agair, aith&shy;reachas (*ati-réc‑), etc. Compound&shy;ed with to- in tagair, tapaidh, taitinn, taitheasg, taisg, etc.; with fo- in fàg (fo-ad-gab).
 * air, by, on: air-leag, eir-idinn, òir-dheirc, oir-thir, urchair, ùrlar. Compound&shy;ed with com in comhairle; with to- in tairis, tairg, tèarainn; with di‑ in dearmad; with imm- in iomar-bhaigh, iomarchur.