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 * (d) to personate or falsely represent himself to be or not to be a person to whom a certificate has been duly issued.


 * (2) In this section certificate means—


 * (a) any certificate of enrolment or registration as a citizen granted under Article 56, 57 or 58 of the Constitution;


 * (b) any certificate of registration of birth granted under Article 55 or 69 of the Constitution;


 * (c) any certificate of registration or naturalization granted under the provisions of the Singapore Citizenship Ordinance, 1957;


 * (d) any certificate of citizenship issued under the Singapore Citizenship Ordinance or Article 66 of the Constitution.

11. For the purposes of Part III of the Constitution, a person born on board a registered ship or aircraft, or on board an unregistered ship or aircraft of the Government of any country, shall be deemed to have been born in the place in which the ship or aircraft was registered or, as the case may be, in that country.

12. Any reference in Part III of the Constitution to the status or description of the father of a person at the time of that person's birth shall, in relation to a person born after the death of his father, be construed as a reference to the status or description of the father at the time of the death of the father; and where that death occurred before and the birth occurs on or after the date of the coming into operation of the Constitution the status or description which would have been applicable to the father had he died after the date of such coming into operation shall be deemed to be the status or description applicable to him at the time of his death.

13. Any new born child found exposed in the State of unknown and unascertainable parentage, shall until the contrary is proved, be deemed to be a citizen of Singapore by birth; and the date of finding shall be taken to be the date of birth of such child.

14. For the purposes of Part III of the Constitution, a person is to be treated as having at birth any citizenship which he acquires within one year afterwards by virtue of any provision corresponding to the proviso to clause (1) of Article 55 of the Constitution or otherwise.

15.—(1) For the purposes of Part III of the Constitution, references to a person's father or to his parent or to one of his parents shall in relation to a person who is illegitimate be construed as references to his mother and accordingly section 12 of this Schedule shall not apply to such a person.


 * (2) In relation to an adopted child who has been adopted by an order of a court in accordance with the provisions of any law in force in the State or in any other part of the Federation or whose adoption has been registered under any written law in force in the Federation, references to a person's father or to his parent or to one of his parents shall be construed as references to the adopter.

16.—(1) For the purposes of paragraph (c) of clause (2) of Article 54 of the Constitution a person shall be treated as having been at any time a permanent resident in the Federation, if, but only if, he was then resident in the Federation and either—


 * (a) he then had permission, granted without limit of time under any Federal law, to reside there; or


 * (b) it is certified by the Government of the Federation that he is to be treated for the purposes of the said paragraph (c) of