Page:Africa by Élisée Reclus, Volume 1.djvu/579

 APPENDIX in. 476 II. Summary of Ancient Egyptian History with Dates acoordino to thb Calculations of M. Mariettb and Dr. Bruuscii. AN'CIEKT EMPIRE. I. Dynatty : Thinite, bo called from its capital, Tins, or Tbhtu. M .♦ 6004. B.f 4400 B.C. Mexes (Mexa), founder of the city of Memphis and of the Egyptian monarchy. His name is mentioned by all the ancient writers who have dealt with the subject of Egyj^tian chronology, and their testimony is confirmed by the native documunts, in which Menes is always referred to as the founder of the empire. But no monument has been discovered which can be traced back to his reign. ToTA (Atuotuis), of whom there are no records. Uexephes I., to whom is attributed the step-pyramid of Saqqarah. II. Djfnashj : MEiTPniTE, so called from its capital Memphis. M. 4751, B. 4133, Kakau (Kaiechos), during whose reign the worship of Apis was established at Memphis, and that of Mnevis at On (Heliopolis ). B. 4100. III. Dynasty : Memphite. M. 4449, B. 3966. SxEFRU (Sexefru), the first king whose name appears inscribed on contemporaneous monuments, amongst which are the I'yramid of Meidum and a bas-relief of SenefrA discovered in the ^Vady Mugharah, Sinai Peninsula. These monuments already reveal a state of civilisation as completely developed as at the time of the Persian conquest, with thoroughly original features and all the marks of a long previous existence. The ox, dog, and other useful animals had already been domesticated, and the Egj'ptian language was completely formed and differentiated from the allied Ilamitic and more remotely connected Semitic tongues. B. 3766. IV. Dynasty : Mempuite. M. 4235, B. 3733. Suuru (KnuFu), that is Suphis, or Cheops, builder of the g^reat pyramid of Gizeh. M. 4235, B. 3733. Khafra (Kuephren), builder of the second pyramid of Oixeh. B. 3666. • M., Marielto. f B., Brugach.