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(d) Replicating Systems Concepts Team. The Replicating Systems Concepts Team proposed the design and construction of an automated, multiproduct, remotely controlled or autonomous, and reprogrammable lunar manufacturing facility able to construct duplicates (in addition to productive output) that would be capable of further replication. The team reviewed the extensive theoretical basis for self-reproducing automata and examined the engineering feasibility of replicating systems generally. The mission scenarios presented in chapter 5 include designs that illustrate two distinct approaches - a replication model and a growth model - with representative numerical values for critical subsystem parameters. Possible development and demonstration programs are suggested, the complex issue of closure discussed, and the many applications and implications of replicating systems are considered at length.

1.3.2 Advanced Automation Technology Assessment
A principal goal of the summer study was to identify advanced automation technology needs for mission capabilities representative of desired NASA programs in the 2000-2010 period. Six general classes of technology requirements derived during the mission definition phase of the study were identified as having maximum importance - autonomous "world model" information systems, learning and hypothesis formation, man-machine communication, space manufacturing, teleoperators and robot systems, and computer science and technology.

Technology needs were individually assessed by considering the following sequence of questions in each case:


 * 1) What is the current state of the relevant technology?
 * 2) What are the specific technological goals to be achieved?
 * 3) What developments are required to achieve these goals?

After mission definition was completed (the first seven weeks), summer study personnel reorganized into formal technology assessment teams with assignments based on interest and expertise. During this phase of the study, participants focused their attention on the evaluation of advanced automation technologies required to attain the desired mission capabilities. The results of this activity are presented in chapter 6 of this report.

1.3.3 Epilogue
The purpose of the epilogue (chapter 7) is to present carefully targeted recommendations for the present NASA space program. An evolutionary NASA space program scenario was assumed by the study group, based on relevant planning documents and other information sources. The major premise was that coordinated developmental initiatives would be undertaken by the agency in the next 20 years to establish a basis for an aggressive, multidisciplinary program of space exploration and utilization early in the twenty-first century. The epilogue includes a space facilities and programs overview, specific goals for growth scenario, and a series of recommended NASA planning options including a consistent space program strategy, technological development priorities, and updates to the OAST Space Systems Technology Model.

1.4 References
Bekey, Ivan; and Naugle, John E.: Just Over the Horizon in Space. Astronautics and Aeronautles, vol. 18, May 1980, pp.64-76. Heer, Ewald: Prospects for Robotics in Space. Robotics Age, vol. l, Winter 1979, pp.20-28.

Nilsson, Nils J.: Artificial Intelligence. Information Processing 74, vol. 4, Proceedings of IFIP Congress 74, 1974, pp.778-801. Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST):

NASA Space Systems Technology Model: Volume 111 Opportunity Systems/Programs and Technologies, NASA, Washington, D.C ., May 1 980 Sagan, Carl, Chmn.: Machine Intelligence and Robotics:

Report of the NASA Study Group, NASA TM-82329.