Page:Adams ex rel. Kasper v. School Board of St. Johns County, Florida (2018).pdf/48

 Supreme Court noted that it “has consistently upheld statutes where the gender classification is not invidious, but rather realistically reflects the fact that the sexes are not similarly situated in certain circumstances.” at 469. The statute in (which criminally punished males for engaging in sexual intercourse with females under the age of eighteen to whom they are not married, but did not similarly punish females) was based on the physiological fact that women can get pregnant and men cannot. at 469, 471. As the plurality opinion explained, California sought to prevent illegitimate teenage pregnancies (the harmful consequences of which fall disproportionately on the teenage female and often result in costs to the state when unwanted illegitimate children become its wards) by deterring men from having sex with underage women to whom they are not married. at 470–73. The Court agreed with California that having a gender-neutral statute would frustrate its effective enforcement because women would not report the crime if they, too, would be prosecuted. at 473–74.

The bathroom policy here is distinguishable–everyone is subject to the same rule–both boys and girls must use the bathroom that aligns with their sex assigned at birth (or a gender-neutral one), and both boys and girls would be subject to discipline for disobeying the policy. The school bathroom policy does not depend on something innately different between the bodies of boys and girls or what they do in the bathroom. , by contrast, “upheld … the gender classification” because the