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210 are to be established, though it is pointed out that such societies are to confine their activities strictly to the reduction of opium, and not to indulge in the discussion of current politics or questions of local government; and finally, the local authorities are exhorted to take the lead in the great crusade. Representations are then to be made to the British Government inviting them to effect an annual reduction in the importation of Indian opium pari passu with the decrease of native opium. Truly an admirable and a comprehensive programme. Let us see what steps have so far been taken to carry it out.

Much has undoubtedly been done. During the year 1907—the year following the issue of the first opium edict—thousands of opium dens have been closed, piles of opium-pipes have been burned amid much popular rejoicing and enthusiasm, princes and other high dignitaries who have failed to break off the habit within the prescribed time have been removed from office. The working of the regulations has been tested by practice and some necessary