Page:A simplified grammar of the Polish language.djvu/14

 ‘goose,’ gąska, ‘the gosling.’ The vowels e, o, ó are changed into a in the formation of frequentative verbs; as jeść, ‘to eat;’ jadać, ‘to eat often.’ When the letter e is omitted from a syllable, the soft consonant which preceded it is changed into a hard one, as dzien, '‘the day,’' dnia,' of the day.'  

.

The Polish language has the same parts of speech as others, with the exception of the Article, which is wanting in all Slavonic languages, except Lusatian-Wendish and Bulgarian, where it has been introduced by foreign influences.

There are three genders in Polish—masculine, feminine, and neuter. Polish nouns have seven cases—the nominative, the genitive, the dative, the accusative, the vocative, the instrumental and the locative.

There are three declensions, which may be arranged according to the genders: the first, masculine; the second, feminine; and the third, neuter.

Most nouns which terminate in a hard consonant are 