Page:A simplified grammar of the Polish language.djvu/11

 :{|
 * M, || align="center" | || rowspan="4" align="left" valign="centre" | pronounced || rowspan="4" align="left" valign="centre" | as in English.
 * - valign="top"
 * N, || align="center" |
 * - valign="top"
 * O, || align="center" |
 * - valign="top"
 * P, || align="center" |
 * - valign="top"
 * R, || || align="center" | " || somewhat stronger than the English.
 * S, ||  || rowspan="2" align="center" valign="centre" | " || rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="left" valign="centre" | as in English
 * - valign="top"
 * align="center" | T, ||
 * - valign="top"
 * U, || || align="center" | " || as ou in French.
 * - valign="top"
 * W, || || align="center" | " || as v.
 * }
 * W, || || align="center" | " || as v.
 * }


 * {| valign="top"


 * - valign="top"
 * rowspan="2" align="right" valign="top" | Y, || rowspan="2" align="left" | a sound pecular to the Slavonic languages, expressed in Russian by ы. It is a kind of guttural e, the pronunciation of which can only be learned from a native, and something like the German ü.
 * }
 * }
 * }


 * {| valign="center" |


 * - valign="center"
 * Z, || colspan="3" | pronounced as in English.
 * }

To these must be added the following letters with diacritical marks and in combinations :—


 * {| valign="center" |

We sometimes find the uncouth combination szcz, as szczególny, ‘special.’ The pronunciation of the first four letters may be compared with that of those italicized in the English expression smasht china.
 * ą is the French on, but a little weaker.
 * ę is the French in.
 * é pronounced as in French
 * ó is equivalent to oo or ou (French).
 * cz is the English ch in ‘church.’
 * dż is equivalent to dzh, which corresponds to the English j.
 * ch has the guttural sounds of the German ch in ‘machen.’
 * rz and ż correspond to the French j in ‘jour.’
 * sz corresponds to the English sh.
 * }
 * dż is equivalent to dzh, which corresponds to the English j.
 * ch has the guttural sounds of the German ch in ‘machen.’
 * rz and ż correspond to the French j in ‘jour.’
 * sz corresponds to the English sh.
 * }
 * rz and ż correspond to the French j in ‘jour.’
 * sz corresponds to the English sh.
 * }
 * }