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 it is also a simple basin-like chapel-de-fer of magnificent workmanship with sumptuous brass enrichments (Fig. 419).

A similar chapel was formerly in the collection of Herr Max Kuppel-*mayer of Munich, and is now in that of Mr. Keasby. Although fluted in the same way it is without the brass enrichments. It is apparently of Innsbrück make and belongs to the last quarter of the XVth century (Fig. 420). In the manuscript of the pageant of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, to which we have alluded, and which is now considered to have been executed in the third quarter of the XVth century, the war hat or chapawe often figures as the head-piece of the knight. In the illustration of the siege of Calais (Fig. 421) five of the knights have this form of helmet; but the helmets are represented as crested, much as the Italian armets are seen in the famous Uccello battle-pieces (see vol. i, page 193, Fig. 228, and page 199, Fig. 238). We might almost say that the calote or steel coif worn under the cavalry hat of the latter part of the XVIIth century is a descendant of the chapawe; and the modern steel helmet first worn by the French, and then adopted for general use among the allies, can prefer an even stronger claim to that distinction. But since the application of this term to any open form of helmet after the first half of the XVIth century ceases from the point of view of the armour enthusiast to describe the type of head-piece to which we have been alluding, we will take leave of the chapawe, which, strictly speaking, assumed its final form in the closing years of the XVth century, by giving an illustration of the portrait of Philip the Fair, father of Charles V (d. 1506), which figures in the Brussels Gallery (Fig. 422), and by quoting Grafton, who describes King Henry VIII in 1514 as wearing "on his hedde a chapeau Montaubin with a rich coronal, the fold of the chapeau was lined with crimson satten."

THE "BARBUTE" HELMET

When we speak of the barbute we are employing a term that, as applied to a head-piece, has certainly a very indefinite denotation. We are accustomed to classing salade head-pieces of the Venetian order under the heading of barbutes; but we have slight authority for putting them in this category, save a knowledge of the fact that the term has been handed down parrot-*wise from collector to collector as descriptive of such a head defence. In