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 themselves being defended by octangular pieces of plate armour. So in this armament we have an additional defence worn over the mail chausses, which apparently continues under the genouillères. This makes the metal knee-cap unnecessary as a shield against the drag of the chain mail; it may therefore be considered as purely a defensive plate (Fig. 152).

About 1260. From Stothard's "Monumental Effigies"

151. (a)

Purporting to be of the middle of the XIIIth century

151. (b)

Formerly in the Collection of Sir Noël Paton, now in the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh

With the progress of the century, additional plates of defence were gradually added. The effigy of a Knight Templar in the cathedral church of Salisbury, garbed in the costume of about 1270, and conjectured to be William, the younger Longespée, who perished in 1250, shows besides circular genouillères of plate, an almost similar defence to the elbow. These, in both cases, are attached to the hauberk (Fig. 153). Gauntlets in a primitive form were added at the close of this century, as were also demi-greaves and jambs known as bembergs.

Before we pass on to describe the greater changes in equipage, it would perhaps be instructive to piece together our notes at this point, and to clothe