Page:A history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur.djvu/754

 696 COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE. with vertical pieces of walling or stilts (No. 112 B, g). Stoa. — In Grecian architecture, a portico ; a term corresponding with the Latin pordciis and the Italian portico (No. 17). Story. — The space between two adjacent floors. Stylobate. — The base or sub-struc- ture on which a colonnade is placed (No. 16 a). Systyle (No. 39 s). — A term given when the space between two columns is two diameters. Temenos. — The sacred precinct in which stood a temple or other sanc- tuary. Tenia. — The band or fillet forming the upper member of the Doric archi- trave (No. 16 a). Terra-cotta. — Earth baked or burnt and formed into moulds, and used ornamentally. A fine example, used constructionally. is Sutton Place, near Guildford. Tetrastyle. — A portico of four columns (No. 18 D, e). Tholes. — The dome (cupola) of a circular building, hence applied to the building itself (see Tholos at Epidaurus) (No. 18 k). Torus. — A large convex moulding, used principally in the bases of columns (No. 39 p, q) (see Astragal). Trabeated (^7X.trahs = ^ beam). — A style of architecture such as the Greek, in which the beam forms the constructive type (Nos. 16, 20, 21, 23). Tracery. — ^The ornamental pattern work in stone, filling the upper part of a Gothic window : it may be either "plate" or "bar" tracery. The character of "plate" tracery is such that it appears to have been cut out of a slab or plate of stone with special reference to the shape of the lights, whereas "bar" tracery was designed principally for the pleasing forms pro- duced by combinations of various geometrical figures. It is also applied to work of the same character in wood panelling (Nos. 142, 147 N, o, and Trachelium. — The necking of a Greek Doric column between the annulets and the grooves or hypo- trachelium. Transept. — The part of a church, projecting at right angles to the main building (Nos. 130 C and 159 a). Transoms. — The horizontal divi- sions or cross-bars to windows (Nos. 142 N, o, 225 K and 229 a). Trefoil {fi-ois-fcKil/cs = .xeQ leaves). — A term applied to this distribution in Gothic tracery (Nos, 142 B, c, E and 299 Q, R,_.S). Triforium. — The space formed be- tween the sloping roof over the aisle and the aisle vaulting. It occurs in large churches only, and, from having no windows to the open air, is often called a blind story (Nos. 109 A, 122 D, G and 127 c). Triglyphs (Gk. three = channels). — These occur in the frieze of the Doric entablature (Nos. 16 a and 38 A, b). Turrets are small towers, often con- taining staircases (No. 133). Tympanum. — The triangular space within the raking and horizontal cor- nices of a pediment (see frontispiece and No. 16 a). Vault. — An arched covering in stone or brick over any space (Nos. 46, 62 B, 79, III, and 112). Vestibule. — An ante-room to a larger apartment, or to a house. Volute (Lat. valuta = a scroll). — The scroll or spiral occurring in the Ionic and Corinthian capitals (Nos. 29 c, 38 P, E, F, 40 F, and 41). Voussoir. — Tiie wedge-shaped blocks forming an arch (No. in). Weathering. — The slope given to the upper surface of cornices and mouldings, to throw off the rain. Wheel-window. — A circular win- dow, whose mullions converge like the spokes of a wheel, hence the name (Nos. 153 B and 161). Zoophoros. — A frieze in which re- liefs of animals are introduced, as in the Panathenaic frieze on the cella wall of the Parthenon (No. 23 F) (see Frieze).