Page:A history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur.djvu/750

 692 COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE, Fresco. — The lerrn applied origin ally to painting on a wall while the plastering is wet. Often used to mean any wall painting not in oil colors, but more properly called " tempera " or " encaustic " (No. 69 b). Frieze (It. fregio = adorn). — The middle division of the entablature (Nos. 16 A, 38 and 198 b) (see Zoophoros). Gable. — The triangular portion of a wall, marked by the enclosing line of the roof (Nos. 132 J, 232, 234 D, 244 A and 247). (In Classic architecture it is called the pediment (Nos. 16 A, 20 B, 21 A, 23, 28 c, o, 51. 56) ). Galilee. — A porch used as a chapel for penitents, built near the west end of abbey churches. The origin of the term is conjectural. Some derive it from the Latin ga/eria, a long porticus or porch. Galilees at Ely (No. 117 a), Lincoln (No. 117 v), and Durham (No. 118 e). Gallery (Nos. 131 E and 243).— A passage common to rooms in an upper story or a long room to hold pictures. Gargoyle. — A projecting water- spout in Gothic architecture to throw off the water from the roof, often grotesquely carved (No. 165 c, e). Groin. — The angle formed by the intersection of vaults (Nos. in, 112). Guilloche (No. 39 p) (Gk. = snake- like). — An mterlaced ornament like network, frequently used to enrich the " torus " moulding (page 106). Guttae (or Drops). — Small pyramids or cones occurring under the triglyphs and mutules of the Doric entablature (Nos. 16 G, H, 19,21 H,L, K,and23 G). Hagioscope (or squint). ^ — A term used for ol)lique openings found in mediieval church walls for the purpose of seeing the altar. Half-timbered construction.— A structure formed of wooden posts, and the interstices filled with brick or plaster (Nos. 132 j, 150 and 247). Hammer - beam roof. — A late Gothic form of roof without a direct tie, the finest example being Westmin- ster Hall (No. 113 1), h) (page 293). Hecatompedon(No. 23 H)(Gk. =a hundred-foot temple). — A temple of one hundred feet in length. A term applied to the Parthenon, whose cella was 100 Attic feet in length internally. By some applied to the width of the fa9ade, the length along the upper step of the Parthenon being 100 Attic feet = ior24i English feet. Hexastyle. — A row of six columns (No. 18 V). Hieron (Gk. = a holy place). — The whole of the sacred inclosure attached to a temple, including the priests' dwellings and the grounds. Hood-Mould (see Dripstone). Hypaethral (Gk. = under the air). — A building or temple without a roof or possessing a central space open to the sky (Nos. 5 A, 20, 23, 25, 27). Hypostyle. — A pillarecl hall (No. 5 A). Hypotrachelium (Gk. = under the neck). — The channels or grooves beneath the trachelium at the junction of capital and shaft of a column (Nos. 19. 27 N, 38 a) (see Trachelium). Impost (Lat. iinpono = I lay on). — The member usually formed of mould- ings, on which the arch immediately rests (Nos. 72, 94 H, 107 J, N, 143). Intercolumniation. — The space between the columns (No. 39 r, s, t, u, v). Ionic ((■/] page 77) (Nos. 29, 30 c, 31, 35, 38). The second order of Grecian architecture. Jambs. — The sides of the openings of doors and windows (Nos. 94 J, K and 143 c, G, I., m). The portion out- side the window frame is called the reveal. Keel Moulding. — A moulding like the keel of a ship formed of a circle on which is a fillet ; used in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries (No. 146). Also ajiplied to a similar form of arch (No. 299 v). Keystone. — The central stone of an arch (Nos. 57 C, 67 B and ill B, c, e). King-post. — A post extending from the ridge, supporting the lie-beam in the centre (Nos. 252 D and 253 e). Label (see Dripstone). Lacunaria. — The sunk panels or coffcisin ceilings (No. 21) (pages67,i32). Lancet arch. — A sharp pointed arch, resembling a lancet, chiefly in use during the Early English thirteenth century period (Nos. 142 v and 299 H). Lych Gate. — A covered gateway, forming a resting-place for the coffin before entering the churchyard, and under whicii the first portion of the burial service is usually read.