Page:A history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur.djvu/749

 GLOSSARY. 691 second of the three divisions of English Gothic architecture, which was evolved during the fourteenth century. Dentils (Lat. denies = teeth). — Tooth-like ornaments, occurring origin- ally in the Ionic and Corinthian cornices (Nos. 38 and 191 a, b). Diaper. — Any small pattern of flowers repeated continuously over the wall, as in the nave of Westminster Abbey (No. 127 c). Diastyle (No. 39 u). — A term given when the space between two columns is three diameters. Dipteral (Gk. = double-winged). — A temple having a double range of columns on each of its sides (No. 18 j). Dog-tooth. — An ornament resem- bling its name, specially occurring in Early English work (No. 147 a). Dome (It. dttoino = cathedral, from Lat. domus = house). — The custom in Italy being to erect cupolas over churches, the word dome in English and French has passed from the building to this form of roof (see Cupola). Doric (cf. page 59). — The first and simplest "order" of Grecian architec- ture (No. 38 A). Dormer. — A window in a sloping roof. It was usually the window of the sleeping apartments, hence the name (Nos. 223 e, 225 K and 226 F). Dripstone, label, or hood-mould, the termination of a projecting moulding in Gothic architecture placed over the heads of doorways, windows, and arch- ways, generally for the purpose of throwing off the rain (Nos. 142 and 143)- Early English.— The first of the three divisions of Gothic architecture in England, which was evolved during the thirteenth century (cf. page 335). Eaves. — The lower portion of a roof projecting beyond the face of the wall (Nos. 163 and 233). Echinus. — Properly the egg-and- dart ornament originally used in the Ionic capital ; often applied to the bold projecting ovolo of the Doric capital (Nos. 16 A, 19 and 40 d). Entablature. — The portion of a structure supported by a colonnade, in Greek architecture comprising the architrave, frieze and cornice (Nos. 16 A and 38). Entasis {cf. page 51). — A slight swelling on the shaft of a column which prevents a hollow appearance. Eustyle (No. 39 r). — A term given when the space between two columns is 2j diameters. Exedra (Gk. = out of a chair).— A recess occurring in a larger room (Nos. 65 B and 80 c). In Greek build- ings, the disputations of the learned were held in such recesses, so called from containing a number of seats. The Romans applied the term to any semi-circular recess with benches, and to the rooms used as parlours (No. 60 k). Facade. — The front view or eleva- tion of a building (Nos. 85, 200 and 210 A, f). Fan Vault. -A system of vaulting peculiar to Engli.sh Perpendicular work, all the ribs having the same curve, resembling the frame-work of a fan (Nos. 112 R and 129). Fascia (Lat. fades = a face). — A flat vertical face usually found in the entablature of an order (see page 77). The architrave of the Ionic and Corin- thian orders is divided into two or more fascias (Nos. 38 and 262). Fillet. — A small flat band which occurs chiefly between mouldings to separate them from each other, and as the uppermost member of a cornice (No. 39 A, b). Finial (Lat. finis = the end).— The top or finishing portion of a pinnacle, bench end or other architectural feature (Nos. 141 C, F, H, 149 E, F, G, O, P, 232 b). Flamboyant (Fr. flambeau = flame). — Tracery in which the stonework is made to flow upwards in long wavy divisions like flames of fire (Nos. 142 P, 175)-, Fleche. — A term generally applied to a wooden spire surmounting a roof (Nos. 165 B and 232 c, e). Fluting. — The vertical channelling on the shaft of a column (Nos. 38 and 40 K. L, M, o). Flying - buttress. — A buttress springing by means of an arch over the aisle of a church, and counteracting the thrust of the nave vault (Nos. 100 b, 109 A, 141 e, f, g, h, 153 A and 157 b) (see Buttress). Formeret. — The half ribs against the wall in a groined ceiling. The English term is " wall-rib."' Y Y 2