Page:A history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur.djvu/746

 688 COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE. term given to the honeysuckle or pahiieltc ornament of several varieties, used in cornices, in the necking of Ionic capitals, and elsewhere in Greek and Roman Architecture (Nos. 29 E, 37 E, 39 J, 41 M and 44 a, f). Apophyge (Gk. a flying off). — The cavetto or concave sweep at the top and bottom of the column proper, con- necting it with the fillet (Nos. 29 o and 40 N). Apse (Gk. signifying an arch). — The circular or multangular termina- tion of a church choir, the term being firstly applied to a Roman basilica. The apse is a continental feature, and contrasts with the .square termination of English Gothic work (Nos. 100 D, F, 105 C, G, 127 D, 155, 157 Dand 159 b). Apteral (Gk. without wings). — A temple without columns on the sides (Nos. 18 A, B, D, e). Araeostyle (No. 39 v). — A term given when the space between two columns is ij diameters. Arcade. — A range of arches supported on piers or columns, and attached or detached from the wall (Nos. 62 A, 63, 74, 178, 183 and 249). Arches are of various forms, and can be best understood by referring to No. 299. Architrave (Gk. = chief beam). — The beam or lowest division of the entablature which extends from column to column (Nos. 16 A, 37 A, d and 194 e). The term is also applied to the moulded frame which bounds the sides and head of a door or window opening. Archivolt. — The mouldings on the face of an arch resting on the impost (Nos. 94 H and 103 f). Arris. — The sharp edge formed by the meeting of two surfaces. Ashlar. — Squared stonework in regular courses, in contradistinction to rul)ble work. Astragal (Gk. = a knuckle-bone). — A small semicircular moulding, often ornamen'ed with a bead or reel (No. 39 c, d). Torus is the name applied to large mouldings of similar .section (No. 39 P, q). Astylar. — A treatment of facade without columns (No. 192). Atlantes. — Carved male figures serving as pillars, also called Tclauioiies (No. 28 N). Atrium (Nos. 65 B and 73 b). — In Roman architecture the outer or en- trance court surrounded by a roof, but open to the sky in the centre. In large houses it had a colonnade. In early Christian and later architecture the open space liefore the entrance doors (pages 162, 180). Attic. — A term generally applied to the upper story of a building above the main cornice ; also applied to low rooms in a roof (Nos. 164 and 216 G, h). Baldachino. — A canopy supported by columns, generally placed over an altar or tomb (Nos. 72, 76. 93 and 204). Ball-flower. — The characteristic ornament of Decorated Gothic archi- tecture (No. 147 cj. Baluster. — A small pillar or column supporting a handrail (Nos. 234 H, 242 and 244 E) or coping, the whole being called a balustrade (No. 250 A, b). Baptistery. — A separate building to contain a font, for the baptismal rite (No. 91). Base. — The lower portion of any structure or architectural feature. Basement. — The lowest story of a building, also applied to an underground story. Basilica (Gk. basi/eiis, a king). — A term which came to be applied to a large hall for the administration of justice (page 136) (Nos. 58, 73 a, b and 74). Battlement. — A parapet having a series of indentations, which are called eiiibrasures, the raised portions being known as merlons (Nos. 127 A, 132 and 147 m). Bay. — The division or compartment into which the nave or roof of a building is divided (Nos. 122 and 167 A. c). Bead. — A small cylindrical moulding often carved with an ornament resem- bling a string of beads (see page 106) (No". 39 c, D). Belfry. — A term generally applied to the upper room in a tower in which the bells are hung (No. 130 E), and thus often to the tower itself. Bema. — A raised stage or platform reserved for the higher clergy in Early Christian Churches. Synonymous with sanctuary, it forms the germ of the tran- sept in later architecture (No. 75 c, e).