Page:A history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur.djvu/620

 562 COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE. Name. Date. A vchited. Cranbourne Manor House, a.d. 1612. Dorsetshire. Audley End, Essex. a.d. 1603-1616. Bernard Jansen. Aston Hall, Warwickshire, a.d. 1618-1635. Loseley Park, near Guild- ford. Bolsover Castle, Derbyshire, a.d. 1613. H. Smithson. Blickling Hall, Norfolk a.d. 1620. (Nos. 244, 250 D, k). 4. COMPARATIVE. The Elizabethan and Jacobean Styles. A. Plans. — These are often E or H-shaped (No. 244 b), the entrance being in the middle of the letter, and the two ends forming wings, as at Bramshill, Hardwick (No. 245 c), Longford, Hatfield (No. 131 d, e), Longleat, Burghley, Loseley, and Audley End, while many are irregular in plan, as Knole, Penshurst (No. 132 F), and Haddon (ball-room wing), such grouping being often brought about through the work being an addition to a previous Gothic house. Characteristic features are : — The great hall, the broad staircase (Nos. 242, 244 e), the long gallery, and very often a chapel (No. 245 d). Broad terraces, with balustrades, raised above the garden level (No. 244 a, b), and wide flights of steps, are charming features in the style. Gardens were often laid out in a formal manner, as at Montacute, Hatfield and elsewhere, with yews, box, and other trees cut in fantastic patterns. B. W^alls. — Elevations have the character of picturesqueness, the Classic orders being used in a very free manner, often placed one above the other in the facades, as at Hatfield House (No. 249), the Gateway of the Schools at Oxford (No. 248), Kirby Hall (No. 246), and Holland House (No. 244). The gables are often of scroll-work, following in a general way the slope of the roof (Nos. 244 and 246). The chimney stacks are special and characteristic features, being often treated in a prominent manner with orders, as at Hatfield and Kirby (Nos. 249 and 246) ; but sometimes they are of cut brickwork, the shafts being carried up boldly, so that they play an important part in the composition and outline of the house. Parapets are pierced with various characteristic designs (Nos. 249 and 250 a, b), the baluster being much employed. c. Openings. — Bay windows were largely used, as at Haddon (No. 243), Longleat, Holland House (No. 244), and Kirby Hall (No. 246), and form important features of the style.