Page:A history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur.djvu/582

 524 COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE. example of rich domestic architecture, which also has the elaborately-treated stepped gables, so characteristic of the period. The Gateway, Halberstadt (1552), the Castle, Stuttgart (1553), the Rathhaus, Leipsig (1556), the Rathhaus, Alten- burg (15^2), the Zeughaus at Danzic (1605), the Rathhaus, Heilbronn, the Stadtweinhaus, Munster (1615), and the Zwinger Palace, Dresden (171 1), are a few of the picturesque and free examples of the early period. The Revival by Klenzc the architect (a.d. i 784-1 864) of the classical styles in Munich, is responsible for the Glyptotek, the Pinacothek, and the Walhalla. The Brandenburg Gate, Berlin (a.d. 1784), is well known, and the celebrated architect Schinkel (1781-1841) erected the New Theatre, the Museum, and the Polytechnic School in that city. In all of these buildings the great idea was to copy classical forms and details, applying them to modern buildings. The Parliament House, Vienna, by Hansen (a.d. 1843) is an imposing edifice. ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE. The new churches were few and insignificant, an abundant supply for all practical needs remaining from the mediaeval period as in France. S. Michael, Munich (a.d. 1582) and the Frauenkirche, Dresden (i 726-1 745) are among the best known buildings, and exhibit a desire for wide, open spaces. The latter especially is notable, being 140 feet square on plan, and having a dome 75 feet in diameter, resting on eight piers. It is constructed internally and externally of stone. 4. COMPARATIVE. A. Plans. — The French method of an internal courtyard was adopted. In towns, many-storied houses were erected with great roofs, continuing the practice of the mediaeval period. B. W^alls. — Gables assume fantastic shapes (Nos. 229 a and 231 e), and richness was produced by the application of columnar features as ornament (No. 230). Brick and stone were used singly and in combination. c. Openings. — Oriel windows of various shapes and design were plentifully used, both in the facade itself (No. 230) and on the angles of buildings. Such features did not appear at Rome, Florence, or Venice during Renaissance times, Windows are large, mullioned (No. 229 a), and crowned by grotesque, or scrolly pediments (No. 231 g). In the later periods