Page:A history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur.djvu/567

 FRENCH RENAISSANCE. 50g S. Eustache, Paris (a.d. 1532), by Lemercier (No. 222), in plan is a typical five-aisled mediaeval church, with circular apsidal end. As to the exterior, it has high roofs, a kind of Renaissance tracery to the windows, flying buttresses, pinnacles, deeply-recessed portals, and other Gothic features, clothed with Renaissance detail. The church is, in fact, laid out on Gothic lines, but clothed with detail inspired from Italian sources. S. Etienne du Mont, Paris (a.d. 1517-1538) is another example to which the same remarks apply. It has a famous rood-screen, with double staircases and carved balustrading in Renaissance detail, illustrating the highly developed technical ability of the masons of the period. The Church of the Sorbonne (a.d. 1629) was designed by Lemercier and has a domical treatment with a facade of super- imposed orders. S.S. Paul and Louis, Paris (a.d. 1627), is an unfortunate example of the intermediate period, overloaded with decoration to its three-storied fa9ade. Amongst the later examples are S. Sulpice, Paris (a.d. 1650), the grand two-storied fa9ade being added by Servandoni in a.d. 1750. The Dome of the Invalides, Paris (1670-1706), by Jules Hardouin Mansard, which completed the scheme of the Hotel des Invalides, commenced in 1670 by Bruant, shows that the principles of the Italian Renaissance were fully established. In plan it is a Greek cross, with the corners filled in so as to make it a square externally (No. 223 a, b). The dome, 92 feet in diameter, rests on four piers, provided with openings to form eight, thus bearing a similarity to S. Paul, London. The piers are so formed as to produce internally an octagonal effect, the openings leading to four angle chapels, which, being at a different level, appear independent of the dome. The triple dome is pro- vided with windows in the drum, or lower portion, above which is an interior dome, 175 feet high, with a central opening ; over this comes a second or middle dome, with painted decorations, visible by means of windows at its base ; lastly, over all is an external dome crowned by a lantern of wood, covered with lead. The construction differs considerably from that of S. Paul, London (No. 253), where an intermediate brick cone supports the external stone lantern. The Pantheon (1755-81), Paris, was erected from the designs of Soufflot (a.d. 1713-81). The plan (No. 223 d) is approximately a Greek cross, four halls surrounding a central one, above which rises a dome, 69 feet in diameter. The dome is a triple one (No. 223 c) as that of the Invalides, mentioned above, but the outer dome is of stone covered with lead. The exterior of the dome is poor in comparison with that of S. Paul, because of the apparent weakness and want of variety of the unbroken ring of free-standing