Page:A history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur.djvu/519

 ITALIAN (ROMAN) RENAISSANCE. 461 The Cortile of S. Damaso, the Cortile delle Loggie, and the Greater and Lesser Belvedere Courts in the Vatican (a.d. 1503), are well-known examples of his secular work. The Tempietto in S. Pietro in Montorio (1502)15 a perfect gem of architecture, the internal diameter being only 15 feet (No. 1 99 A, B, c), founded in design on the small Roman circular temples. S. Maria della Pace, Rome, erected in 1484, had its later cloister court of arcades supporting columns constructed in 1504 by Bramante. Bramante's works of the middle period especially exhibit great refinement in mouldings, carving, and detail ; thus he uses flat pilasters, and circular-headed openings, framed by square lines (Nos. 196 A and 206 d). His " Ultima Maniera " is seen in the bold and grand designs for the Courts of Law (never finished) near the Tiber, and in his " projects " for S. Peter (No. 203 d). An article on " The School of Bramante," by Baron von Geymiiller, which appeared in the R.LB.A. Transactions, 1891, is interesting, as tending to show the influence which Bramante, who may be called the " continuator " of the style of Alberti, exerted on the development of the Renaissance in Rome and in every European country. BRAMANTE'S PUPILS AND FOLLOWERS. Baldassare Peruzzi (1481-1536) was the architect of several buildings at Rome, and few architects of the school were so well trained, and able to execute works so finished in detail, whether of plan, section, or elevation. The Massimi Palace, Rome (a.d. 1536) (No. 196 c, d), an example full of refinement and beauty, both in design and detail, is especially interesting in the way the convex fa9ade has been treated. The Villa Farnesina, Rome (a.d. 1506), is a two-storied structure (each story comprising an order) with boldly projecting wings, central arched loggia and rich crowning frieze. The latter was ornamented with cupids holding festoons, and contained windows, a system afterwards made use of by Sansovino in the Library of S. Mark (No. 210). The remarkable frescoes of this building were executed by Peruzzi and Raphael. Dorchester House, Park Lane, London, by Vulliamy, was founded on this design. 5. Maria dclla Consolazione, Todi (1508-1604) (No. 199), by Cola da Caprarola, is ascribed to his influence, but is overladen with pilasters. Ant. da Sangallo the younger (a.d. 1485-1546) erected the Farnese Palace, Rome (Nos. 197 and 198). 'I his is the grandest of all the examples of the school, and is executed in brick walling