Page:A history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur.djvu/507

 ITALIAN (FLORENTINE) RENAISSANCE. 449 The types of doors and windows may be divided into three groups : — (a.) The arcade type, usual in the heavily rusticated examples, consists of a round arch, in the centre of which is a circular column supporting a simple piece of tracery (Nos. 191 and 194 d) ; as at the Strozzi, Pitti, and Riccardi Palaces. (b.) The architrave type is that in which mouldings inclose the window, and consoles on either side support a horizontal or pediment cornice, as in the courtyard of the Pandolfini Palace and in the Palazzo Riccardi (No. 192). (c.) The order type is that in which the opening is framed with a pilaster or column on each side supporting an entablature above, this being the final development, as employed in the Pandolfini Palace, ascribed to Raphael, and also shown in No. 194 F. 3. EXAMPLES. Note. — Having reached the period when the personality of the architect has increased in importance, the chief works of Brunelleschi, Alberti, and others, as being the leaders of the Florentine school, will be briefly enumerated. BRUNELLESCHI (a.d. 1377-1446), a Florentine by birth, studied the features and construction of the Pantheon and other examples of Roman architecture, which henceforth exerted a considerable influence over his works, his main object being to complete the unfinished dome over the Cathedral of Florence. The Dome of Florence Cathedral (a.d. 1420-1434) (Nos. 176 and 181) was Brunelleschi's principal work, his design being accepted in competition. It is said that it was constructed without any centering, with voussoirs having horizontal joints. It covers an octagonal apartment 138 feet 6 inches in diameter, and is raised upon an octagonal drum in which are circular windows lighting the interior. The dome itself is constructed of inner and outer shells, and is pointed in form, being constructed on a Gothic principle with eight main ribs and sixteen intermediate ribs. S. Lorenzo, Florence (a.d. 1425) (No 193 d), and S. Spirito, Florence (No. 193), are both examples of churches on the basilican plan, the latter having aisles formed round the transepts and choir, and a flat wooden ceiling to nave, and is probably the earliest F.A. G G