Page:A history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur.djvu/382

 324 COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE. chapels, those attached to colleges and other educational institu- tions and those erected on bridges — the germ of all these being a large apartment to which aisles came to be added. The following are a few examples of different types : — S. John's Chapel, Tower of London (No. 135) ; Lambeth Palace Chapel (No. 132) (a.d. 1250), with the later addition of the Lollard's tower (1424-1445) ; Merton College Chapel, Oxford (1274-1277), with later additions; the Chantry Chapel (fourteenth century), on the Bridge at Wakefield ; S. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster (1349-1364), since destroyed to make way for Westminster Palace ; King's College Chapel, Cambridge (a d 1440), of which there is a model in the Guild- hall Museum, London; S. George's Chapel, Windsor (No. 133) (1480- 1508); and Henry VIL's Chapel, West- minster (Nos. 127, 128, 129) (1500-1512). COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS. From the time of Alfred onward there existed a number of grammar schools connected with churches, monasteries, and cathedrals. Colleges resembled the monastic establishments of earlier times and were modelled on them in many ways. The hall was the principal apartment, and this and the other rooms were grouped around a quadrangle, as in the mediaeval house. Winchester College (i 387-1393) was built by William of Wykeham, and Eton College (1442) was founded by Henry T. (1422-1461). The rise of Oxford dates from about 1167, and that of Cambridge from about 1209, and many of the principal colleges at these Universities were erected as follows : — At Oxford : the colleges of Merton, 1263-1264; Worcester, 1289; Exeter, 1314 ; Oriel, 1326; Queen's, 1340; New College, 1379; Lincoln, 1427; All Souls, 1437; Magdalen, 1458; Brasenose, 1509; Corpus Christi, 1516; Christ Church, 1524; Trinity, 1554; and St. John's, 1555. At Cambridge: the colleges of Peterhouse, 1284: Clare, 1326; Pembroke, 1347; Gonville, 1348; Trinity Hall, 1350; Corpus Christi, 1352; King's, 1441 ; Queen's, 1448; Jesus, 1497 ; Christ's, 1505: S. John's, 1511 ; Magdalen, 1542 ; and Trinity, 1546. BRIDGES. These formed important means of communication, and in many instances possessed a semi-religious character. A few representa- tive examples may be mentioned. Old London Bridge, com- menced in 1176, was built by the religious confraternity known as the "Prates Pontis." The "Triangular" Bridge at Croyland, Lincolnshire, still exists, having three pointed arches with abut- ments at the angles of an equilateral triangle and having three