Page:A history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur.djvu/285

 ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE IN EUROPE. 22/ the right in S. John's Chapel, Tower of London (No. 135), where Classic influence is apparent. Also see Nos. g8 j, k, l, m, and 103 D, E. The capital in later times was often of a cushion (cubiform) shape, as in S. John's Chapel, Tower of London (No. 135), with lower corners rounded off and no carving, or is sometimes richly carved and scolloped (Nos. 146 and 148 b, c). F. Mouldings. — These were often carved elaborately, as will be referred to in English Romanesque (Norman) architecture (No. 139). The abacus over the capital (Nos. gS j, m, 103, 107 and 146) is always distinctive in form ; it is higher, but projects less than in the Classical style, and is moulded with alternate fillets and hollows. The base to the column (Nos. 107 d, h, and 146) is generally an adaptation of the old Classical form, or Attic base, resting on a square plinth, at the angles of which flowers or animals were occasionaUy carved to fill up the triangular part, and the lower circular moulding often overhangs the plinth. G. Ornament. — The carving and ornaments were derived from many types of the vegetable and animal kingdom and treated in a conventional way, often but rudely carved (No. 139). In the interiors fresco is more commonly used than mosaic, which required great technical skill. Early stained glass was influenced by Byzantine mosaic. Note. — The above are the principal characteristics of the style as a whole. Local influences of taste, climate, geography, and geological formations were instrumental in producing the different characteristics of each country. 2