Page:A history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur.djvu/164

 Io6 COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE, (b.) The cyiiia reversa. When enriched it is carved with the water-hly and tongue (No. 39 l). (r.) The ovolo (egg-Hke). When enriched it is carved with the egg and dart, or egg and tongue ornament (No. 39 n). ((/.) The fillet, a small plain face to separate other mouldings (No. 39 a). This is usually without enrichment. {e.) The head serves much the same purpose as the fillet, and approaches a circle in section. When enriched it is carved with the bead and reel or with beads, which in fact gave the name to the moulding (No. 39 c). (/.) The cavetto is a simple hollow (No. 39 e). {g.) The scotia is the deep hollow occurring in bases, and is generally not enriched (No. 39 g). {h.) The torus is really a magnified bead moulding. When enriched it is carved with the guilloche or " plat " ornament, or with bundles of leaves tied with bands (No. 39 p). {i.) The bird's-beak moulding occurs frequently, especially in the Doric order, and giving a deep shadow is very suitable for the English climate (No. 40 g). (J.) The corona (No. 17 a), the deep vertical face of the upper portion of the cornice. It was frequently painted with a Greek " fret " ornament. G. Ornament (Nos. 41, 42, 43. and 44). — The acanthus leaf (Nos. 33 H, 44 j) and scroll play an important part in Greek ornamentation. The leaf from which these were derived grows wild in the south of Europe, in two varieties, viz. : — (i.) That with pointed and narrow lobes, V-shaped in section, giving a sharp crisp shadow, and known as the "acanthus spinosis" (No. 33 h) ; (ii.) That with broad blunt tips, flat in section, known as the " acanthus mollis " (No. 33 b). The Greeks usually preferred the former with deeply-drilled eyes, and the Romans the latter of these varieties. The leaf was used principally in the Corinthian capital (Nos. 33 F, G, H, 43 A, B, c), and is also found in the crowning finial of the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates (No. 44 d). The scroll which accompanies the leaf and acts as a stalk is usually V-shaped in section with sharp edges. The anthemion, palmette or honeysuckle ornament, was a favourite decoration of the Greeks, and was largely used as an ornamentation on Anta Caps (No. 44 a, f), cyma-recta mouldings (No. 39 j), and round the necks of columns, as in the Erechtheion (No. 41 n). It is also fre(iuently employed as an ornamentation to the tops of stele-heads and ante-lixcE (Nos. 42 h, 43 f, and 44 k, n). The sculpture employed was of the highest order, and has never been excelled. It may be divided into : — {a.) Sculpt are appertaiuiug to buildings, including friezes (as at the Parthenon, the Temple