Page:A history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur.djvu/146

 08 COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE. columns 1 1 feet 7 inches high, projecting rather more than half their diameter. These rest on a secondary base encircling the whole building, and are complete in themselves, as shown on No. 38 E. Between the columns are panels, the upper part of each originally being sculptured in bas-relief. The flutings of the columns are peculiar in that they terminate at the top in the form of leaves. The capitals, i foot 7 inches high, bear some resemblance to those of the half-columns of about the same date in the cella of the Temple of Apollo Didymaeus at Miletus. On the inside, where they could not be seen they were left unfinished. The foliage is different from the later type in having a lower row of sixteen small lotus leaves, then a single row of very beautiful acanthus leaves, having between them an eight petalled flower resembling an Egyptian lotus. The channel just above the foliated flutings of the shaft probably had a bronze collar, although the Greeks were accustomed to these sinkings under their Doric capitals. The architrave and frieze are in one block of marble, the former bearing an inscription, and the latter being sculptured to represent the myth of Dionysos and the Tyrrhenian pirates. The cornice is crowned with a peculiar honeysuckle scroll, forming a sort of frilling, used instead of a cyma-recta moulding, and probably an imitation of ante-fixae terminating the joint tiles, as in Greek temples. The outside of the cupola is beautifully sculptured to imitate a covering of laurel leaves, and from the upper part branch out three scrolls (Nos. 42 a, 44 d), the upper ends of which are generally supposed to have supported dolphins. The central portion is carried up as a foliated and moulded stalk or helix in conjunction with acanthus leaves branching in three directions, having on their upper surfaces cavities in which the original tripod feet were placed. The Tower of the Winds, Athens (b.c. 100-35) (Nos. 28 k, L, 43 B, D, e), also known as the Horologium of Andronikos Cyrrhestes, was erected by him for measuring time by means of (a) a clepsydra or water-clock internally; (b) a sun-dial externally; and it also acted as a weathercock. The building rests on a stylobate of three steps, and is octagonal, each of its eight sides facing the more important points of the compass. It measures 22 feet 4 inches internally, and on the north-east and north-west sides are porticos having Corinthian columns. From the south side projects a circular chamber, probably used as a reservoir for the water-clock. The interior has a height of 40 feet g inches, and the upper part is provided with small fluted Doric columns resting on a circular band of stone. The Corinthian columns, 13 feet 6 inches hieh, to the external porticos are fluted. They have no base and the capitals are of a plain unusual type, without volutes, the upper row of leaves resembling those of the palm. The wall of the octagonal structure is quite plain for a