Page:A history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur.djvu/125

 GREEK ARCHITECTURE. 67 orij:^in of the Doric Order), Pausanias mentions that in the 2nd century a.d, two of the columns in the opisthodomos were of oak. The Temple of Zeus, Olympia (b.c. 472 — 469) is peripteral hexastyle on plan. The columns, of which there are thirteen to the sides, equal those of the Parthenon in height, but are much greater in diameter. The building was especially famous for its sculptured pediments by Paeonias and Alcamenes. The so-called Theseion (? b.c. 465) (Nos. 18 f, 19 d, 21, 22, 38 a), is now generally believed to be the Temple of Hephsestos, and, although the best preserved Doric example in Greece, both date and name are a matter of doubt. It is peripteral hexastyle on plan with thirteen columns on each flank. The existing lacunaria, especially at the eastern end, still retain some of their original colounng. The metopes and portions of the frieze are shown on No. 21, but although both pediments were ornamented with sculpture none of this now remains. The Temple of Aphaia (Jupiter Panhellenius), (b.c 470— 450), (No. 19 c),on the Island of ^Eginais an interesting and well- preserved example of an early peripteral hexastyle temple. On the interior are two rows of five columns which help to support the roof. A general description is given on No, 20. The Parthenon (b.c 454—438) (Nos. 16, 17, 23, 24) was erected m the time of Pericles, being dedicated to Athena Parthenos (the virgin Athena). Ictinus and Callicrates were the architects and Phidias was the superintending sculptor. The temple is peripteral octastyle on plan, with seventeen columns on the tianks. It is placed on a stylobate of three steps, the dimen- sions on the top step being 102 feet by 228 feet, i.e., a relation of breadth to length of about 4 to 9. Each of the steps measures about I foot 8 inches high and 2 feet 4 inches wide, and being too steep to ascend with comfort, intermediate steps were provided at the centre of the east and west ends (No. 23 f). On the east, the prmcipal doorway led into the cella, which, measuring 100 Attic feet in length, was called the " Hecatompedon." The cella, 62 feet 6 inches wide, was divided into a nave and aisles by two rows of ten Doric columns, 3 feet 8 inches in diameter, and having sixteen flutes, as may be seen by the marks of their basis on the marble paving. Three columns were placed at the western end, so making the aisle continuous round three sides of the cella. Near the western end of the cella was the famous statue of Athena, mentioned hereafter. To the west of the cella was the Parthenon proper(/.f ., virgin's chamber), from which the temple took its name. This chamber is a peculiarity differentiating the temple from most others, and it appears to have been used as the Hieratic treasury. It was entered from the opisthodomos by a large doorway corre- sponding to the eastern one, and its roof was supported by four Ionic columns (No. 23 a, c). The cella and the Parthenon were