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 302 A HISTORY OF CHILE pedoes which the Peruvians had planted at the ap- proaches of the railway bridge over the Chacalluta river. On the 2nd of June, four thousand Chileans advanced to Chacalluta near Arica. Colonel Leyra a few days before had attempted to reinforce Arica with two thous- and Peruvians from Arequipa, but hearing of the defeat at Tacna had fallen back. Arica was a strongly fortified place, situated on a sandy plain rising above the beach, on the south de- fended by a fort on the high Morro hill, around the town a line of forts and trenches, on the north three batteries. In the harbor the "Manco Capac, " com- manded by Captain Lagomarsino, was anchored near the forts. The defenses were garrisoned by two thous- and troops under the command of Colonel Bolognesi ; Captain Moore commanded the batteries on the Morro. Establishing his headquarters at Chacalluta, General Baquedano invested Arica on the land side, posting his artillery so as to cover assaulting parties. In the harbor the squadron, commanded by Captain Latorre, consist- ing of the "Cochrane," "Magallanes, " "Covadonga'' and "Loa, " stood ready to bombard the town. On the 5th of June, Bolognesi was summoned to surrender. He re- fused and the next morning the attack began. The Chil- ean field-batteries opened fire at long range, but were soon silenced by the one hundred-pounders the Peru- vians brought to bear upon them. The squadron then opened fire at distances ranging from one thousand to eight thousand yards. The shore batteries and the "Manco Capac" replied vigorously. The "Covadonga" was struck twice by huge projectiles and was so much damaged that it was found necessary to send her to Pisagua for repairs ; a shell entered near one of the "Cochrane's" guns and, exploding, wounded twenty-