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 THE RE VOL UTIONAR Y PERIOD 159 thousand of the leading patriots. Thence he repaired with his brothers to Buenos Ayres and later, took pas- sage for the United States, where he hoped to obtain assistance for the waning patriot cause ; the refugee revolutionists at Mendoza applied to the government of Buenos Ayres for succor. O'Higgins and Mackenna also fled to Mendoza; there San Martin gathered to- gether the refugee patriots and espoused the cause of O'Higgins. This, perhaps, caused the Carreras to push on to Buenos Ayres. Osorio marched his victorious royalist army to Santi- ago and there restored the authority of Spain and the viceroy. In fact, the inhabitants of the capital, tired of the misrule of the Carreras, sent a deputation invit- ing him to come and restore order. At the end of October, Valparaiso and all the prin- cipal towns were occupied. Then Osorio soon threw off the mask. The leading citizens became the vic- tims of his vengeance; arrests, imprisonments and ban- ishments followed. More than one hundred of the principal patriots were banished to the desolate island of Juan Fernandez, of Robinson Crusoe fame, l}'ing three hundred and eighty miles from the Chilean coast. Among these were Doiia Rosario de Rosalis, who solic- ited and obtained permission to accompany her aged father to the island. For two years and a half, 1814 to 1817, the viceroy maintained the Spanish authority in Chile, which he governed with the greatest rigor. Don Fernando de Abascal, the Peruvian viceroy,' was the ablest, the most resolute, of the Spanish leaders; he crushed the uprising of Pumacagua, the revolution in Upper Peru and the revolution in Chile. At first there was a large body of Chileans to hail this return to the royal power and authority of the viceroy with satisfaction, for the country had grown