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 146 A HISTORY OF CHILE the junta were prescribed, military schools and manu- factories of firearms were established. Such declarations was little short of revolutionary measures, and Spain could not have been expected to accede to them, even though ihe. congress proceeded thus far in the name of the king. A revolutionary newspaper, we may add, appeared about this time in Santiago, edited by a friar named Camilo Henriquez. Like the congress of Buenos Ayres, dissensions were rife. As we have stated, the representation was un- equal. Santiago had elected twelve deputies, almost as many as all other provinces combined. The southern provinces were the wealthiest, the most enterprising, and possessed the most talent; the landholders of the middle provinces about Santiago outnumbered those of the south. The fact of, Santiago having so large a preponderance in representation caused complaints to be made b}' the southern cities, and their representa- tives withdrew. In the meantime, parties began to form. One faction of the patriots wished to conduct reforms on the basis of ancient institutions, in other words, were conservative. Another faction wished to move with greater dispatch; here was a radical party which recognized Rozas as its leader. The con- servatives controlled the cabildo. Then it was, as ever since, radicalism found its home in the south. The first radical leaders were always from Concepcion. Santiago was conservative, the southern provinces rad- ical. When, therefore, the quarrel arose over repre- sentatives, Rozas, the radical leader, withdrew to Con- cepcion, perhaps to stir up a rebellion. The conserva- tives, or Santiago faction, thereupon dictated a change of the government and named a new junta composed of three of their own favorites. To reduce the power of Spain as much as possible