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PREFACE

viii 1819,

Das Europaische

Gesandtschafisrecht,

by A.

Miruss,

1847, and Dr. Alt's Handbuch des Europdischen GesandtWicquefort's L'Ambassaschafts-Rcchtes (Berlin, 1870). et ses Fonciions, nouvelle edition, 1730, gives a full account of the practice of his day, but much of it is now out of date. The same is partly true of Callieres' De la Maniere de ndgocier avec les Souverains, but his Lastly, J. W. little essay is a mine of political wisdom.

deur

Foster's The Practice of Diplomacy as illustrated in the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1906, must on no

account be neglected. From all of these productions much information has been derived, and embodied in these pages.

Something must also be said about the plan of the Instead of placing the documents from which quotations are made in an appendix, as is perhaps more usual, it has been judged better for the immediate purpose to cite them in the course of the chapter which they are severally intended to illustrate. Those who do not care to examine such documents may present publication.

them judiciously. The second volume, which

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treats of Congresses

and

Conferences, of Treaties, Conventions, Declarations and

other forms of international compacts

(all

equally bind-

ing on the parties, whether concluded under the authority conferred by special full-powers, or merely in virtue

powers inherent in the office held by the negotiators), may doubtless be found dull reading by those who do not desire to study these subjects in much detail. But those who are officially concerned with negotiations need to have a thorough knowledge of forms. For this reason the accounts of such transactions are given in

of the

mere

outline, the actual substance being generally left out of account. Thus the manner of conducting Congresses and Conferences, and of framing treaties and the like, alone is analysed in the majority of instances.

Fuller particulars of an historical character are, however,