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HISTORY OF PRINTING.

fdlowed by the uniTenities of Edinburgh and Oxford. His correspondence was sought b j the most eminemt philosophers of Europe. His let- ters to these abound with true science, delirered in the most simple and unadorned manner. In the summer of 1762 he returned to America.

1767, March 17. The Mirror, No. 1.

1757. The Leicetter and Nottmgham Jowrud. This paper was printed in Leicester by Mr. John Gregory, and published, at a given hour, in Not- tingham, by Mr. Samuel Cresswell.

1757, Aug. Lloy^t Evening Poit. This paper was commenced by Mr. James Emonson,prmter, in St. John's-square, Clerkenwell.

1757, Sept. 17. The Herald; or. Patriot Pro- elaimer, No. 1. A political paper of little value.

1757. The Contett. This paper was the pro- duction of Owen Ruffhead, author of the lAfe ofAUxmtder Pope, 1769, in which he was assisted by bishop Warburton.

1758, Jan. 12. A general warrant was signed

Sthe earl of Holdemess, to search for the au- >r, printer, and publisher of a pamphlet, called A nxth Letter to Me People of England. Jan. 23, by virtue of another warrant, idl the copies of the above work were seized, and entirely sup- pressed. Dee. 5, Dr. John Shebbeare convicted as the author, and sentenced to pay a fine of £5, to stand in the pillory at Channg Cross, to be imprisoned three years, and to give securitv for bis good behaviour for seven years, himself in £500, and two others £150 each. Wilkes says the tixth Letter to the People of England contains scarcely one truth : it traduced the revolution, aspersed the memory of king William, vilified kings George I. and II. and bastardized the whole royal familv. When Dr. Shebbeare came to stand in the pillory, Mr. Beardmore, the un- der sherifif, being his friend, caused the upper board of the pillory to be raised to a height con- venient for the prisoner, so that the doctor stood at his ease, without bending his neck. Lord Mansfield in consequence ordered the attorney into court, who swore that he saw Shebbeare's head through the pillory, when the chief justice remarked, that it was the most ingenious evasion of perjurr he had ever witnessed, and the lawyer was fined in the sum of £50. A servant held an nmbrella over his head to protect him from the rain, it being a very wet day ; he had on a well combed tied wig, and a drab riding coat, and, remarks an eye witness, looked insolent and im- pudent.

1758, March 12. Died, Benjamin MoTTE,an eminent bookseller opposite to St. Dunstan's church. Fleet-street, London. He was successor to Benjamin Tooke, and, like his predecessor, was publisher to Swift and Pope. His Abridge- ment of the Philotophical Transactions is reckoned very incorrect ; wnich having been pointed out by Mr. Henry Jones, in 1731, produced from Mr. Motte, A Reply to Jones's Preface to hisAbridge- ment, 1732, 4to.

1758, April 15. Johnson again restmied his pen as an essayist, and on this day commenced another periodical paper, under the title of the

I£er. This was not, however, printed aiagily, like the Rangier and Advenlunr, but appeared every Saturday in the Universal Chronuie. It was contiDaed regulazlr for two years, as Utag indeed, as the Chronide was enabled to ^^^^. and consists of one htmdred and three nombaa, of which the last is dated April 5, 1760. In the composition of his Idlers,* Johnson received much more assistance than while writing' his Rambler; twelve papers were contributed by bk friends.

1758. The Umversal Chronide; or, Wedify Gazette. This pfmer was projected by Mr. John Newbery, bookseller, in St Paul's cnurch-yazd. In this paper. Dr. Johnson's celebrated /<2&r was first printed ; and it is said that he was allowed a shue of its profits, for which he was to fumisfa a short essa^ on such subjects of a general or temporary kind as might suit the taste of news- paper readers, and distinguish this jraUication from its cotemporaries. Sir John Hawkins as- signs as a reason for Mr. Newbery's wishing to have an esiay in his paper, "that the oocorreB- ces during uie intervals of its publication wcr not sufficient to fill its columns." " If that wa the case," adds Mr. Chalmera, " it is a carious particular in the history of political intelligence. Those who now print uweJuy papers find it not only difficult, but impossible, to contain half the articles which have entertained other readen during the intervals of publication, and winch, from the common impulse of domestic or pabUe cariosity, th^ readers think they have a right to expect." Let it be rememboed, however, that to the editor of a newspaper, the pmrtia tary proceedings were then forbidden fruit.

tiaement in order to inppreu tiie pIr aH oI practice at tn. Bcrting hii Jdltn, without ■cknovriedgment, into oOar publications :
 * Dr. Johnson pablldied the foDowlns enriooi advw.

"London, Jan. Sth, 17W.—C Mi » t lU tmemtj

" The proprieton of the paper, entltnled Tkt HItr, haxtag found that thoee eaea^ an ineetted in the new^apen and mayaglnea with so little regazd to justice or deccner* tiiat the l/mtenat Chronicle, in which thejr flrat appear, W not always mentioned, think it necessary to declare to the publishers of those collections, that however patJ en Hy they have Utheito endured these injuries, made yet mace injurious by contempt, they have now deletinlnetf to endure them no kmgor. They have already seen enms, for vMeh a vtrjf large price it pmd, tranafened with ne most shameless rapacity Into the weekly or monthly ooa. pilations, and their risht, at least for the present, ahes- ated from them before Uiey could tiiemselTcs be ssid to eojoy it. Bat they would not willingly lie thought towaat tenderness even for men by whom no tendemeas hath been shown. The past is without remedy, and shaB be without resentment But those who hare been Urns hasy with their sickles in the fields of their neichboors, ore henceforward to take notice, that the time of impmdty is at an end. Whoever shall, without our leave, lay the taaad of ra|dne upon our papers, is to expect that we shall vin- dicate our due, hy the means wlilch jostice prescribn, and which are warranted by the immemctlal prescrtpliaas of honourable trade. We shall lay tudd, in our tnni, t» their copies, degrade them from the pomp of wide mar. gin, and diflhse typography, contract them into a narrow space, and sell them at an hmnble price; yet not vtth a Tlew of growing rich liy mnflscations, fat we think not much better of money got by punishment, than by crimes: we shall, therefore, mhm our losses are npaid, giTS what profit shall remain to the magdalens: for we know not who can be more properly taxed for the support of peni- tent prostitntes, than prostitates in whom there yet i^ pears neithor penitence nor shame."

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