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HISTORY OP PRINTING.

only twenty marks. On this subject, bishop Burnet, in a letter to lady Russell, says, " Now the business of the printer is at an end; and con- sidering how it was managed, it was dwindled to a very small fine, which one may well say was either too much or too little. The true design of the prosecution was to find me out, and so the printer was tampered with much to name the author." Mr. Darby was in the 80th year of his age at the time of bis decease.

1704, Jan. 7. A New Observator.

1704, Jan. 12. The Loyal Obsenator. No. 1.

1704, Feb. 19. The Review of the Affaire of Frtmce, by Daniel De Foe, ended in May, 1713. It was during his imprisonment on a conviction for publishing a satincal pamphlet, entitled the Shortest Way with the Dissenters,* that De Foe commenced the above paper; and afterwards, namely, from 1st of Jan. 1706, a Review of the State of the English Nation. It was originally published only once a week, but at last appeared every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, printed on a half sheet, or four quarto pages. To the political news and disquisitions, was regularly appended a short chronicle of domestic incidents; and the whole was written by De Foe himself. The work was continued till the completion of the ninth volume, in May, 1713; when a tax which had recently been imposed induced the author to bring it to a termination. He was then in Newgate for the second time. De Foe's Review, which, at its commencement at least, had very good success, has been usually regarded as the parent, and in some respects the model of the Spectator.

1704, Aug. 6. The Rehearsal, by C. Lesley. No. 1.

1704, Sept. 10. Hie Observator Reformed.

De F^ioe, is charged with writing a scandaloiu and sedi- tious pamphlet, entitled. The Shortest Way with the Dis- sentere; he is a middle sized spare man, about forty- six years old, of a brown complexion, and darlc brown co. loured hair, but wears a wig, a hooked nose, a sharp chin, grey eyes, and a largre mole near his mouth ; was born in London, and for many years was a hose factor in Free- man's yard, in Comhill, and now is owner of the brick and puitile works near Tilbury fort, in Essex y whoever shall discover the said Daniel De Foe to one of her majes- ty's principal secretaries of state, or any of her m^lesty'a Justices of peace, so as be may be apprehended, sliall have a reward of sgio, which her majesty has ordered immedi- ately to be paid upon such discovery. He was sentenced to pay a fine of two hundred marks to the queen, stand tliree times In the pillory, and be imprisoned during the queen's pleasure. This sentence was carried rigorously into efTect After his pooishment he wrote an ode to the pillory, of wUch the following is a portion :
 * St. James's, Jan. 10.— Whereas Daniel Defoe, alias

Hall Hi'roglyphic state machine, Condemned to punish fancy in ; Men that are men, can in thee feel no pain, And all thy insignificance disdain. Contempt, that false new word for shame. Is without crime an empty name — A shadow to amuse manldud. But never frights the wise or well fix'd mind; Virtue despises human scorn. And scandal's innocence adorn.

Exalted on thy stool of state,

What prospects do I see offatore fate?

How Uie inscrutables of providence

surer from onr contracted sense ;

Hereby the errora of the town.

That fools looli out, and knaves look on.

Advertisements of eight linee inserted for a shil- ling. No. 1. The editors of newspapers often became the medium of communication betweoi their advertising friends ; and the advertisements which are given below, are not only curious, but throw some light upon the manners and customs of the latter part of the last, and early part of this century.*

1704, JVotJ. 7. The Comical Observer. No. 1.

1705. Thomas BALLARD,tthe first of an emi- nent family of booksellers, in Little Britain, who continued during nearly the whole of this century famous for their divinity catalogues. Mr. Thomas Ballard was thus characterise by Dunton in 1706: — " He is a young bookseller in Little Britain ; but is grown man in body now, but more in mind:

His looks are in his mother's beauty drest. And all the father has informed his breast.

1705. Henry Herrinoman gave de20 to the companv of stationers, to be applied to the pur- chase of a large silver flagon, weight 65 oz.

deserve ^^00 with an apprentice, wants one, I can help.'*
 * " If any Hamburgh or other merchant, who aliall

" One has a pert boy, about 10 years old, can wrtte, read, and be very well recommended ; she is willing he shoiUd serve some lady or gentleman."

" 1 want a cook-maid for a merchant."

" I sell chocolate made of the best nuts, wlUioat a]iiEe or perfume, and with vinelloes and spice, from four to tes shillings the pound, and I know them to be a great helper of bad stomachs, and restorative to weak people, and 111 insure for their goodness."

" If any will sell a free estate, within thirty mOea ct London, with or without a house, to the value of j^OO the year, or thereabout, I can help to a customer."

" If any have a place belonging to the law. or oQxt- wise, that is worth itfiooo or .^ooo, I can help to a cos. tomer."

" If any divine or theh: relicts, have complete sete d manuscript sermons upon the Epistles and Goepela, the Catechisms or Festivals, I can hdp to a customer."

"A fair house in Eastcheap, next to the Flower-de-Us, now in the tenure of a smith, with a fair yard, laid with free stone, and a vault underneath, with a cellar under the shop, done with the same stone, is to be sold : I have the disposal of it."

" I believe I could furnish all the nobility and Bentry in England with valuable servants, and such as can have very good recommendation." _

" Mr. David Rose, cliirurgeon and man-mi<nrife. Uvea at the first brick bouse on the right hand in Oun-yaid, Hoansditcli, near Aldgate, London. I have known hia these twenty years."

"I want an apprentice for an eminent tallow-chandler.**

" If any want all kind of necessaries for oorpa, or fnnerals, I can help to one who does assure me he win use them kindly i and whoever can keep their corps tHI they get to London, and have a coffin set down, mar have them afterwards kept any reasonable time."

" About forty miles from London is a scboolmaftei'. has had such success with boys, as there are almost forty ministers and schoolmasters that were bis schcdais. Hi* wife also teaches e^ls lace-making, plain work, xaiaiBC paste, sauces, and cookery, to the degree of exactness. His price is ^10 to j6'11 the year, with a pair of aheets, and one spoon ; to be returned, if desired ; coaches aad other conveniences pass every day within half a mUc of the house ; and 'tis but an easy day's Journey to or from London."

"I know ol several men and women whose friends wonid gladly have them match'd ; which I'll eodeavoar to do, as from time to time I shall hear of such whoae circumstances are likely to agree ; and I'll assure soch as will come to me, it shall be done with all the bonoor and secresy imaginable. Their own parents shall not manage it more to their satisfaction) and the more comes to ae, the better I shall be able to serve 'm."

t The original name appears by the aoction catalogoe* to be Ballard.

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