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HISTORY OF PRINTING.

Christopher Switzer, wood cuts for books, the broad seals of England from the conquest to James I.

William Ro^rs, title to LinchotenU Voyages, cuts to Broughtan, — Heads.

Augustine Ryther, engraved the counties of Durham, Westmoreland, and Cumberland for Saxton ; also some of the maps of the Spanish inrasion, 1588, he kept a shop near Leadenhall, ' next the sign of the Tower, and got the discourse of Petrus Ubadini translated into English ; dedi- cated to the lord admiral Howard, in 1590.

Francis Hogenberg, 1555.

George Hoefnagle, of Antwerp, nuips, a plate of Nonesuch. Robert Adams, plans and charts.

Reginald Elstracke, ;x)r<ro«tt, 1587.

15Q0. A brief discours contayning certayne reasons, why catholigues refuse to goe to church. Written by a learned and vertuous man, to a f rend of his in England, and dedicated by J. H. to the queenes most excellent majestic. Imprinted at Douay, by John Lyon, l2mo.

In the library of Trinity college, Dublin, there is a book bearing the date of 1664, beinga work of Julianus, an archbishop of Toledo ; it is in 12mo, having the following imprint, Duaei, An, 1564. Typiu Lodorici de Wtnde Typographi jumti. The presswork is rery tolerable ; the edi- tor's dedication is dated jyuaci Catuacorum. This is the earliest Douay book noticed by Dr. Cotton in his Typographical Gazetteer. Le Long cites a metrical version of a psalm which was printed at Douay in 1565, and a Harmony of the Bible, in 1571. In 1589, Laurence KeUam is called sworn printer to the English college at Douay, and executed many works there.

In 1668, Dr. William Allen,* with the assist- ance of many foreign noblemen and ecclesiastical bodies, established an English Roman Catholic college at Douay, for the purpose of supplying this country witu priests to support their declin-

nal, and wlioee vaxloiu treatises in defence of the doctrines and practices of the Romish chnrch, made him esteemed as the champion of his paity, bat so obnoxious were his writings in Kngland, he was nported an enemy to the state, all correspondence with him was deemed treason, and Thomas Aldfleld was actnally executed for bringing his D^enct of the Tioetoe Marty ra Into this country. He was born at Roesal, in Lancashire, in tiie year 1533. In 1<47, he was entered at Oriel college, Oxford, and in ItSt, he was chosen principal of St. Mary's hall, and canon of Toik. On &e accession of Elizabeth, he re- tired to Louvain, where an English college was erected, of which he becune the chief support, and where he wrote In defence of the Roman catholic religion. It was thought to be owing to the Instigation of Dr. Allen, and some fugi- ttre English noblemen, that Philip II. undertook to Invade England. In April, ISSS, Dr. Allen published a work against queen EUxabeth, exhorting the nobility and peoide of England to desert her, and take up arms in favour of the Spaniards. Many thousand copies were printed at Antwerp, to be put on board the armada, that uey might be dispraised all over England ; but on Uie fUlure of that enterprise, all these books were destroyol. One of them, as soon ss printed, was transmitted by an emissaiyto the English council. Allen spent the latter port of his lifb at Rome, and Is said to have alt»«d his sentiments, and to have been extremely sorry for the pains he had taken to promote the invasion of England by the Spaniards. At his death, which Is supposed to have been occasioned by poison, October M, IS94, he was buried ;in the English college of Rome, where a monument is erected to his memory.
 * William AHen, nntaUy called the great Engllih eanli-

ing cause. This institution flourished so that in the five years nearly one hundred missionaries arrived, and exercised their functions in different parts of England.* The English council became so irritated at these proceemngs, that, in 1578, they had recourse to Kequesens, the governor of the Netherlands, with whom they made an agree- ment to suppress the college ; in return for which Elizabeth excluded the insurgent navy from entering her ports. Dr. Allen and his associates found an asylum at Rheims ; but in the year 1681, the magistrates of Douay invited the fugitives to return to their old quarters, which was accomplished in 1693 ;f and this religious community occupied this place for exactly two centuries, namely, until the French revolution dissolved this and all other similar institutions in the year 1793.

In 1582, the fiist edition of the JZomuA English version of the New Testament was executed at the press of John Fogny, a printer of considerable note in Rheims, who lived at the sign of the Lion, under the superintendance of Dr. Allen, Gregory Martin, and Richard Bristow ; the notes were written by Thomas Worthington. — In 1 580, John Fogny printed some pieces written by Lesly, titular bishop of Ossory, in favour of Mary queen of Scots. John Fogny was succeed- ed by Simon Fogny, whom we find continuing the business in 1610. M. Van Praet informs us that the art of printing was in use at Rheims in the year 1557, by adducing a book entitled Coustumes generates du BaUliage de Vermandois, printed by Jacques Bacquenois, printer to the cardinal of Lorraine, in this year.^ In 1576, Jacaues Martin printed a work entitled La le- gende de Charles, Cardinal de Lorraine.\\ And some tracts executed at Rheims by Francois du Pre, in the years 1677 and 1678, may be seen in the library of Trinity college, Dublm.

priest of the catholic persusJtion who was found in the realm within forty days from the passing of the act, was to be accounted guilty of treason. To huboor or receive a priest was felony ; and such youth as were sent out of tha kingdom to be educated in catholic seminaries, were ren- dered Incapable of Inhetlting English property.
 * By an act of parliament, it was decreed, that every

Cuthbert Maine, a priest, suiltared as a traitor at Lann- ceston, in Cornwall, for saying mass In the house of Mr. Tregian. The queen took possession of Treglan's lands, and he was left to languish till his death In aprison. Tbcna wbo even defend the measures of Elizabeth against the Catholics, allow that In ten years fifty priests were execu- ted, and lUty-flve were banished. The fantastical pro. ceedings of some of the Puritans, made them equally th* subject of religious persecution. Three Umes, during this reign, did Elizabeth order their abaence by prodami&ni ; and of those who remained, several ended their Uvea at the stake, as heretics. However, the snlTetings of the Puritans bore no comparison to those of the CaUiollcs, as the wealth of the latter presented an alluring bait to the persecutors, so that many families sou^t refuge in foreign lands, and left their estates to be seized by the crown. — The last person who sulTered for heterodox opinions was Francis Kett, in Itsg.

t A proclainatlon was Issued by Elizabeth, (brbiddinK any book that was either written or printed at Douay, to be sold or read In England. The houses of Catholics were forcibly entered, and the Inmates searched j where any vestments belonging to a priest, or books containing Ca- tholic doctrine were fbund, the possessors were imprisoned, and frequently put to the torture.

t The earlleat Rheims book which Dr. Cotton hsd seen.

I A copy of this rare book, on vellum, is in the royal library at Paris.

VjOOQ IC