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HISTORY OF PRINTING.

all manner of books, concerning the common law of this realm, for thirty years, all hooks therefore, bearins; his name, were printed for him by others. He left a son, Charles, who suc- ceeded him.

1578. The Bible translated according to ike Ebrew and Greeke, and conferred with the best translations in divers languages. Imprinted at London, by Christopher Barker, printer to the queenes majestie, 1578. Folio.

This is a reprint of the Genevan edition,* and usually denominated the "Breeches Bible.*' The Bishops* bible translates Gen. iii. 7, aprons.

The confoundinfif of these editions has been productive of very dangerous errors.

by Rowland Hall, with an epistle to the queen, (Elizabeth) and another to the reader ; both of which were left oat in subsequent editions. Of this translation, above thirty edi- tions were printed from the year 1560, to i6i6, chiefly by the queen's, and king's printers. Editions of it were like- wise printed at Geneva, Edinburgh, and Amsterdam.
 * In ISSO. the trAoftf^td/ffwasprintedat Geneva, in 4to.

The translators of the Geneimn Bible were Miles Co- verdale, afterwards bishop of Exeter ; Anthony Gllby, afterwards vicar of Ashby- de-la- Zouch, in Leicestershire, died about 1584, at a very great agre ; William Whittingham was born in the city of Chester, in 1524, and educated at Ox- ford, where he became a fellow of All Souls, and afterwards a senior student of Christ Church. In 1550 he went to France, and sett^d at Orleans, where he married the sister of John Calvin. In 1553, he was promoted to the deanery of Durham, which he enjoyed for sixteen years. His zeal against popeiy was so violent, that he destroyed some of the antiqoitles and monuments in Durham cathedral, and took up the stone coffins of the priors of Durham, and or- dered ttieva to be used as troughs for horses to drink in During his residence at Geneva, he translated into metre, five of the Psalm*, of which the 1 1 gth was one, together with the Ten Commandmvni*, and a Prayer, distinguisfaed in the collection of Sternhold and Hopkins, by the initials of his name, W. W. He died July 10, ifi-Q, in the 65th year of his age. Christoplier Goodman was also a native of Chester, born about isig.andeducatedat Oxford, where he became Margaret professor of divinity. During the reign of Mary, he retired to the continent, and settled at Geneva, where he and John Knox were chosen pastors of the Enelish church. On the accession of Elizabeth, he went to Scotland, and was appointed minister of St. Andrew's. In 1S68, he left Scotland, and came to England, and about 1S68, he went to Ireland as chaplain to sir Henry Sidney. In 1571, he was cited to appear at Lambeth, before arch- bishop Parker, and other high commissioners, to answer for opinions contained in a work published during his exile, in which he had spoken against the government of women, but by subscribingarccantation, acknowledging thatfDodand^o<i/jr women might lawfully govern whole realms and nations," and avowing his submission to the queen, he was released. In 1584, he retired to his native county, probably silenced for nonconformity, for Fuller denominates him a leader of the fierce nonconformists. He died in 1 603, aged 83 years; and was buried In 8t. Werburg*s church, In the city of Chester. Thomas Cole was one of the Enfflish refugees, who settled at Geneva, during the reign of Mary, He returned when Elizabeth came to the crown, and in 1559 was collated to the arch- deaconry of Essex.and rector of High Ongar, in the county of Essex. He died in l6oo, at an advanced age. William Cole, brother to the preceding, was also an exile, but was afteiwards made president of Corpus Christl college, Ox- ford, In which office he continued for about thirty years j and dean of Lincoln. John Pullain, was born In York- Shire, In the year 1517, and educated at Oxford. Hebe- came rector of St. Peter's, Cornhill, London, In 1562, but was deprived in 1555. He withdrew to Geneva, to avoid being condemned to death. On Mary's decease he returned to his native land, but was soon Imprisoned, for preaching contrary to the prohibition of queen Elizabeth. In 1559, he waspresented to the rectory of Capford, in Essex ; and about the latter end of the year was made archdeacon of Col- chester, Brook, in his Licet of the Puritaru^ calls him a thorough puritan, and an admired English and Latin poet. He died July, IsSfi. Of John Knox, we have already ipoken,andof John Bodleigh no account has been obtained.
 * ' a truly pious man, a constant preacher, a learned divine,

" Certain questions and answers touching the doctrine of predestination, the use of God's word and sacraments," were not drawn up by our reformers, as asserted in the Bishops* bible, in the preface to which archbishop Parker maintains universal redemption. — Beloe,

This translation was recommended by arch- bishop Parker, while preparing his edition of the Bishops^ Bible. It was frequently reprinted.

The Calvinist Catechism is bouna up with some editions of the Geneva bible.

1578. Edward Webster printed the second part of the Mirrour for Magistrates, conteininff the falle of the unfortunate princes of this land. From the conquest of Cteser, vnto the commyng of William the conqueror, with this motto, " Goe straight, and fear not." 4to.

1578. Martin Marchant, a printer at Lux- emburg, in the Netherlands, printed a tract on the side of Philip IL king of Spain, against the Nelherlanders, a copy of which is in Trinity- college library, Dublin.

1578. The states of Camiola, Styria, and Carinthia, came to the resolution to have the scriptures printed in the Vandalic or vernacular tongues ;* and for that purpose ordered John Mannel, or Manlius, a printer of Layback, to provide what was necessary for completing the impression ; but the archduke Charles, of Austria, having been informed of the design, forbade Mannel to publish the bible, under severe penal- ties. The states did not, however, abandon their design, but deputed a certain number of divines, who assembled at Laybach, on the 24th of August, 1581, to examine and revise the trans-

of the Slavonian language, which are spoken in Camiola, Carinthia, Styria, Croatia, and Istria. The first version of the Vandalic scriptures was made by Primus Trubcr, a Lutheran minister. The design of forming it appears to have originated with John Ungnad, baron of Sonneck, of the noble family of the counts of Wclssenfelswoolf. For the more success^ promotion of his plans, he established a press,in I &61 ,atTubiu^en, for the express purpose of print- ing works in the Cyrillian or Glagolitic. and Latin cha- racters. He was aided in this undertaking by the mtini- flcence of Maximilian, king of Bohemia, the electors of Saxony, Brandenburgh, and the Palatinate, the landgrave of Hesse, and the duke of Wurteraburg. The principal works which issued from this press, were cliiefly translap tions of the scriptures. This printing office was compara- tively of short duration, for the Austrian government >-eized and suppressed the books it issued. Baron Ungnad died at an advanced age, in ifi65, leaving a worthy example of piety and the true use of riches. Primus Truber was the conductor of the Vandalic printing office at Tubingen. He was born at Rosterlic, in Camiola, In 1508. He received his education at Vienna, wtiere he obtained support during his studies by soliciting alms, according to the custom of that country, and thosetimes. In 152', he entered the mi- nistry, but the manner with whicti he supported the doc- trine of Luther, subjected hlra to violent persecutions; and his library, valued at more than four hundred florhis, to be destroyed. He invented a mode ot writing the Vandalic dialects (which had never before been written or printed) in the Latin or Roman character : he was engaged by baron Ungnad, aided by the munificence of the duke of Wurtcmburg, to undertake the institution of a Vandalic printing office at Tubingen. This labour he accompUshed. and afterwards printed there his Vandalic Nrw Tesiamenty in two parts ; the first containing the OoapeU and Acts of the Apostles, in 1 562, of which 3000 copies were printed ; the second, comprisiDg the Epistles and the Revelaiiont in 106s, 4to. and only 1000 copies were struck oflT. Truber died revered and honoured June, 99, 1586.
 * Under this denomination are included those dialects

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