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HISTORY OF PRINTING.

1573. A new EnteHude, no leu Willie than plauant, entitled. New Ctulom, was written to vindicate and promote the reformation against Old Cuslom. The characters are allegorical, and discuss the comparative merits of the doctrine held by the two churches with more earnestness than temper:

LigU of the aotpel—(» Minlrter.)

impe of Antectaiiat, and leed of the devyU! Borne to >U wlckednease, and niulcd In all evil.

Pcntne Doetrint—($Ji old Popish Priest) Vtij, tboa stinking heretike, art thon tbcie in deed } According to thjr naoghtiDes thou must look for speed.

Item Ct>tfom«— (another Minister.) Oodde's holie woorde in oo vise can be beresie, Thongh so roa terme it never so falsly.

Pervene Doctrine,

Yee jirecions whoreson, art thou there too t

1 think yon have pretended some harme mee to doo. Helpe, Helpe, I say, let mee be gone at once.

Else 1 will smite thee in the face by Godde's bones;

Kew Cuttome. You most be contented a little season f o stay, [say. Light of the Gospell, for your prolite, hath some thing to

1573. TTu art nf reason, rightly termed, wit- rraft, teaching a perfect %Mt) to argue and dispute. Made by Raphe Lever.

The forespeache of the book, which is dedica- ted to Walter, earl of Essex, is as follows. To prove that the arte of reasoning may be taught in Englishe, I reason thus: first, we Englishmen have wits, as well as men of other nations have; whereby we conceyve whatstandeth with reason, and is well doone, and what seemeth to be so in his reign, and is not. For artes are like to okes, which by little and little grow a long time, afore they come to their full bigness. That one man beginneth, another oft time furtheretli and mend- ctli; and yet more praise to be given to the beginner, tnen to the furtherer or mender, if the first did find more good things, then the follower did adde. Experience teacheth, that each thing which is envented by man, hath a beginning, hath an increase, and hath also in time a full ripeness. Now, although each work is most commendable, when it is brought to its full per- fection, yet, where the workmen are many, there is oftimes more praise to be given to him that doeth a good work, then to him that cndeth it. For if ye consider the bookes, that are now printed, and compare them with the bookes that were printed at the first. Lord, what a diversity is there, and how much do the last exceed the

Ste|>hen Oosson, who, in 15"9, published the School of Ahute, or a pleoMont Invective againat Poetg, Playert, JeH' en, and tuch like Caterpillars, Yet this Oosson dedicated his work to sir Philip Sidney, a great lover of plays, and one who has vindicated their morality In his Defence of Poeey. The same puritanic spirit sooiT reached the uni- versity; for when Dr. Oaccr had a play performed at Christ church. Dr. Reynolds, of Queen's coUcee, terrified at the Satanic novelty, published the Overthrow of Stage Plays, l&gd; a tedious invective of texts, with fjnotanons and authorities; for that was the age when authority was stronger than opinion, and the slightest could awe the readers.
 * One of the earliest writers against stage plays was

first! Yet if you will compare the first and the last printer together, and seek whetlier deservetb more praise and commendation, ye shall find that the first did farre exceed the last. For the last had help of manye, and the first had help of none. So that the first lighteth the candle of knowledge (as it were) and the second doth but snuff it.

1673.RichardWatkins and James Roberts had a patent for printing the sheet almanacks.

1573. Johannit Parkhurtti Ludicra «tt« Epi- grammala Juvenilia. 4to. Apud Johannem Davum Typographum.

This work was the production of John Park- hurst, bishop of Norwich, who was one of the earliest epigrammatistsin England. The follow- ing brief notice is taken from Beloe's Anecdotes of Scarce Books, who remarks that this work is so scarce that there is no copy of it in the British museum.

John Parkhurst was born at Guildford, in Surrey, and was sent, at a very early age, to Oxford. In 1529, he was a probationary fellow of Merton college. He was in due time rec- tor of Cleve in Gloucestershire, which, on account of its great value, was usually denomi-. nated Bishops Cleve. After the death of Edward VI., actuated by conscientious motives, he left his preferment, and retired to Zurich, where he continued till the decease of queen Mary. At the accession of Elizabeth he returned to his native country, and was made bishop of Norwich.

He wrote and published the following works:

Epigrammata m mortem duorum fratrum Suf folctensium Caroli el Henrici Brandon.* 4to. 1 662.

Ludicra-sive Epigrammata Juvenilia.

John Sheproves i>«(»o7M on lite New Testament.

Epigrammata Seria. 8vo. 1560.

Parkhurst also, at the command of queen Eliza- beth, translated the Apocrypha, from the Book of Wisdom to the end. He died February 2, 1574, and was buried in the cathedral church of Norwich, where there is a monument erected, with a I^tin inscription to his memory.

1673. Thomas Guarin a worthy printer of the city of Basil, where he printed an anony- mous Spanish version, both of the Old and Neu> Testaments, without the printer's name, or that of the pl.ace where printed, with the title. La Bibla, que es, los Saeros Libras del Vieio y Nueuo Teslamenlo, Transladada en Espamtol. M. D. LXix. 4to. The preface, in Latin, was ad- dressed to the Kings, Electors, Princes, Counts, Barons, Knights, and Magistrates of all Europe. The printer's device on the title page represents a large tree, in which an opening in the trunk serves for a hive of bees, and a bear is seen en- deavouring to reach the opening, in order to suck the honey, which distils from the hive. A hammer, supposed to have been used in forming the opening in the tree, is suspended on a branch. The whole is surrounded with flowers, and amongst them a book lying open, with the name

• These brothers were the sons of Charles Brandon, dake of Soffolk, who died of the sweating sickness.

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