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 SIXTEENTH CENTURY.

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fint printer who introduced the Roman letter into Eng^knd; but tbat honour has luually been daimed and assigned to Richard Pynson, his cotemporary. Mr. Rowe Mores, in his treatise of Bnglith Fovnden and Founderia, seems in- clined to believe that Wynkyn de Worde was his (Twn letter founder; and the Rev. T. F. Dibdin remarks, that " the type with which he printed most of his early folio volumes, is not, to the best of his recollection, to be found in any of the books printed abroad at the same period ; this latter evidence gives force to the assertion of Mr. Mores, when he states that Wynkyn de Worde's gothic type has been " the pattern for Us successors in the art."

In many classes of literature, this eminent typographer produced several volumes from his press, but his principal fame rests on the gram- mais which he printed ; although his curious lomanees and poetical books have also greatly coBtnbnted to procure respect for his memory.

The typographical devices of Wynkyn de Worde were nine in number, of which the follow- ing is one of them.

As in the instance of the portrait of W. Cax- tan, so the head which hitherto has been received as a likeness of Wynkyn de Worde has been

Cdoced by a similar error. From the same k in the Harleidn collection, as that which contained the fictitious head of Caxton, another purporting to be Wynkyn de Worde, was en- graved on wood by Ames; and this, after having been for so many years received as genuine, proves to be the portrait of Joachim Ringelberg, a profound scholar, critic, and commentator of Antwerp ; the original of which was afBxed to his SleganHte, Antwero, 1529, octavo. A fac- shnile of it will be found in the Rev. T. F. Dibdin's Bibliographical Decameron, vol. ii. page 289.

He made his will, as may be seen in the prero- gative-office, dated the 5tn of June, 1534, and died not longailer. He writes himself "citizen and stationer of London." He recommends his sonl to God and the blessed St. Mary, and his body to be buried in the parochial church of St. Bride's in Fleet-street, before the high alter of St. Katherine. " Item, For tythes forgoq,en six diillings and eight pence. Item, To the Irttemity of our lady, of which I am a brotha, ten shillings, to pray for my soul. Item, To my maid, three pounds in books. To Agnes Tidder, widow, forty shillings in books. Item, to Robert

Darby, three pounds in printed books. To John Barbanson, sixty shillings in hooka, and ten marks. To Hector, my servant, five marks sterling in books. To Wislin, twenty shillings in printed books. To Kowel, the book-binder, in Shoe-lane, twenty shillings in books. To Simon, my servant, twenty shillings in printed books. To every of nay apprentices, three pounds in printed books. To John Butler, late my servant, six pounds in printed books. To my servant, James Ganer, in books twenty marks. And forgive John Bedel, stationer, all the money he owes me. Sec, for executing this my will, with James Ganer; and that they, with the consent of the wardens of the parish of St. Bride's, purchase at least twenty shillings a year in or near the city, to pray for my soule, and say mass. To Henry Pepwell, stationer, four poun^ in printed books. To John Gouge forgive what he owes me, and four pounds. To Robert Cop- land, ten marks. And to Alard, book-binder, my servant, six pounds fifteen shillings and four pence."

1534. The fint Concordance to the English Netv Tettatneni, was compiled by Thomas Gibson, an eminent printer in London. The title of it was. The concordance of the new tettament, moit neceitary to be had in the handes of all toche. Of desire the communicacion of any place contained in the new testament. Imprinted by me Thomas Gybton, Cum privUegio regali ; with the mark T. G. on the sides of a cut, afterwards used by John Day, with this motto. Sum horum chariUu. Besides being a printer, Gibson was a studious man, and continued in business till 1539.

1535. The well-known edition of the /Cr«( French Proteitant* Bible was printed by P. de Wingle, at Neuchattle, in Switzerland, and pub- lished, under the superin tendance of Calvin, by Robert PientOlivetan. This edition was printed at the expense of the Vaudoise, or Waldenses, and is called the Bible of the Swurd, on account of that emblem being adopted by the printer.

Robert Pierre Olivetan, the coadjutor of John Calvin, in the translation of this version, was also related to that intrepid reformer. His true name was Olivetau, but having assumed the name of Olivetanut in Latin, he was usually called Olive- tan. He died at Rome, in 1538, not without strong suspicion of being poisoned.

For more ample accounts, concerning the Olivetan edition of the French bible, and the French New Tettament of Faber, printed by de Wingle, in 1634, the reader may consult Lc Long, Clement, and other bibliographers.

1535. William Marshall seems to have been a gentleman, or merchant, who had great interest at court, and the desire of queen Anne Boleyn to promote the refonnation,are the causes

cthon to dnw np the Aurttttrg Cmiftniun of faith, and which recdTed its name from being presented in I&30 to the emperor Chartes V., at the diet heU in that dtv, ai the confession c/t faith of those who from having pntated against the decree of the diet of Spires, in isag, had received the bonounble denomination of PaorasTAHTS.
 * In 1517, John, elector of Saxony, appointed Melan.

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