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HISTORY OF PRINTING.

1620. About this period died Robert Whitin- ton. He was a most laborious grammariaii, and, according to Berkenhout, was born at Litch- field, about the year 1480, and educated under Stanbridge, in the school at the gate of Magda- len college, Oxford. He afterwards became a member of the university; but in which hall or college is not known. In 1501 he began to teach a grammar school, probably in London, as all his books were printeu there. In 1A13, bar- ing supplicated the congregation of regents at Oxford, that he might be laureated, he was ac- cordingly, with a wreath of laurel, decorated in the arts of grammar and rhetoric; and was at the same time, admitted to the reading of any of the logical works of Aristotle; that is to the degree of bachelor of arts; which was, at that time, esteemed equal to the degree of doctor of grammar or rhetoric. From this time he wrote himself Protovatet Anglia. Where he died is uncertain. — Besides die numerous editions of Grammars which he wrote, and which were printed by Wynkyn de Worde, he was the au- thor also of the following : — two Latin EjjiUtla to Cardinal WoUey, preserved in manuscript in the Bodleian library at Oxford : two Latin Epittlet to William Uormann, London, 1621, 4to. : and translations with the Latin text, of Cieero't Offices, Tully of Old Age, and Eratmtu of Good Marmert of Children.

1520. Julian Notary commenced his labours at Westminster; although Ames, following Bag- ford, believes him to have printed in France before he came to Britain. It is certain that he had a French associate named John Barbier, whose name appears conjoined with Notary's in Uie Salitbmy3fi*sal; whence Ames supposed that the volnme was printed on the continent, and that Notary was also a Frenchman. His earliest residence in England was in King-street, Westminster; as he states in the colophons to such of his books as were executed in the end of the fifteenth, and the first two years of the fol- lowing century : but, about 1503, he removed to the parish of St. Clement, and took up his abode near Temple-bar. The Golden Legend was " accomplysshed and fynysshed at Tempell barr the xvi daye of Feuerer the yere of our lorde a Thousande. ccccciij." but the Uourt of the Bles- ted Virgin, which was printed in the same year, speaks of him as living at "London without Tempell barre in Saynt Clement paiysshe at the sygne of the thre kyngs."* The Sermones Dii- eiptUi, which appeared in 1510, states that No- tary's dwelling place was " in the suburbs, com-

his Manipuhu CuraUmim, and Po$HUa of 1S08 and 1509, calls " the three hol7 kings," fonned one of the religloas emblems of his time; since they were intended to repre- sent those Eastern Ma«i who were led by a star to Be^e. hem, to adore the infant Savioar. They were called Melchior, who offered to him gnid; Balthazar, who offiered to him frankincense t and Jaspar, who offered to him myrrh. Their bodies were supposed to hare been trans- lated to CologTie, in Germany; whence they were nsnally denominated the Three Kings of Cologne; and Wynkyn de Worde printed tool edinons of their history in IMI and itSO
 * These three kings, which Notatf, in the colophons to

monly called Tembell-bane," and in the same passage he is said to be printer and bookseller. The colophon to the Crom/cU of England, 1515, shews that he had removed his residence and sign to " powlys chyrche yarde besyde ye west dore by my lordes palyes;' or as the imprint to the L^e of Saynt Barbara, 1516, more clearly expresses it, " my lorde of Londons palayse at the signe of the thre kynges." The time of Julian Notary's death, is altogether unknown; and the catalogue of his labours which follow, is too imperfect to furnish any very correct data concerning him. His earliest work is dated the 20th of December, 1498, and some of his books bear the date of this year; but whether this

{>eriod fonned the extremes of his typographical ife, will probably now never be known.

He pnnted in the whole twenty-three books; amongst which is an edition of the Shepherd"* Calender, containing the following description of the months, and which may be amusing to the poetical reader: —

January. I make me to be called Janynere In my time is great stormes of coideneaa For vnto me no moneth of the yere May compare if I adnance me doubtlesse For in my time was, as clerics do ezpresse, Circumcysed the Lord omnipotent And adonred by kynges of the Orient.

Feiruary. I am febmary the most hardy In my season the pure mother virglnall Offered her soime in the temple truly Making to God a present speciall Of lesu Christ the kynge of kynges all Betwene the armes of u>e bishop Symon To whom pray we to haue his remission.

March. March am I called in noblesse florishinge Which amonge monthea am of great noblesse For In my tyme all the Orntes do budde & spring To the semyce of man in grete largesse And lenf is in the tyme ofnolynesse That enery man ought to taane repentannce Of his sinnes done by longe continuaace.

Apryll. Amonge all monthes, 1 am lusty Aprill Freche and holsome, vnto eche creature And in my tyme the dulcet diopes distill Called cristall, as poetea put in scripture Causing all stones the longer to endure In my time was the resnnvction Of God and man by dlnine election.

Of all the monthes in the yere I am kinge Flourishing in beauty excellently For In my time, in vertne Is all thlnge Fieldes and meades sprede most beauteonsly And byrdes singe with right swete harmony Rcloysing loners with hot loue all endewed With tngniA flovers all about renewed. lune.

Who of my season taketh right gode hede Otight not at all my name to adnnll For in my time, for all the commons wede From shepe is shome all the flesh & wull And had ill merchaundyse by grete shippes full Oner the sea, wherfore we oo^t to pray Unto our Lorde and thanke Mm night ft day.

July. If that my time were praysed all a right Amonge all monthes I am one of the chiefe For I enrlpe thorow great force and might Fruites of the earth, to man & beastes reliefs Feedynge horses, kynes, mnttons, & strong biefe With other properties that I could tell But I must pass— I may no longer dwell.