Page:A cyclopedia of American medical biography vol. 2.djvu/593

 WOODWARD

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WOODWARD

Japan" (1859); besides numerous essays, lectures, etc.

A. A.

Tr. Am. M. Asso., Phila., 1882, xxxiii. Med. Rec, N. Y, 18S0, xvii.

Woodward, Joseph Janvier (1833-1884).

This noted surgeon was born in Phila- delphia, October 30, 1833. He was edu- cated in his native city and obtained the A. B. and A. M. from the Central High School of Philadelphia, graduating in medicine at the Universit}^ of Pennsyl- vania in 1853 and practising medicine in his native city until 18(31, when, at the outbreak of the great war, he offered his services to the Union and served as assistant surgeon with the Army of the Potomac. In 18G2 he was assigned to duty in the surgeon-general's office at Washington. After having organized several military hospitals in that cit,v he was put in charge of the Army Medi- cal Museum. While in this position he collected, in conjunction with Col. Otis, the material for "The Medical and Surgical Plistory of the War." Wood- ward had charge of the medical part. The first volume of the medical history appeared in 1870, the second in 1879. In the meantime Woodward did valuable work in microscopy and photo-micro- graphy and his publications in these fields made his name famous among scientists throughout the world. His papers fill some four columns in the catalogue of the surgeon-general's library at Washing- ton, District of Columbia. His imceas- ing labors gradually imdermined his con- stitution so that, in the summer of 1880, he was compelled to go to Europe for his health. He returned the same year somewhat improved. In July, 1881, he was called to the bedside of Pres. Garfield. This, too, was a great strain on his con- stitution and he never completely recovered. He died Augu.st 17, 1884.

Besides the great work mentioned, Woodward published "The Hospital Steward's Manual" (1862) and "Outlines of the Chief Camp Diseases of the United States Armies, as Observed During the Vol. II— :^4

Present War" (18G3). He also published numerous articles on microscopy, photo- micrography, cancer and other subjects. In 1881 he was elected president of the American Medical Association. Wood- ward was an honorary member of the Royal Microscopical Society and of the Queckett Club of London, of the Liver- pool and Belgian Societies of Microscopy and many other societies at home and abroad.

There is a portrait in the surgeon-gen- eral's library, Washington, District of Columbia.

A. A.

Med. News, Phila., 1884, xlv. Med. Rec, N, Y.. 1884, xxvi. Memoir, J. S. Billings, 1885.

Woodward, Rufus (1819-1885).

Rufus Woodward was the son of Dr. Samuel B. Woodward, and was born in Wethersfield, Connecticut, October 3, 1819.

He was fitted for Harvard College in the Worcester schools. After graduating from college in 1841 he began to study medicine with Dr. Joseph Sargent, of Worcester, and in 1842 entered the Harvard Medical School, where he gradu- ated three years later. For three years he was assistant physician at the State Lunatic Hospital in Worcester, and then spent two years in study in Europe, devoting much time to the study of insanity, with the intention of assisting his father in a private asylum for mental diseases in Northampton. His plans were changed by the latter's sudden death in 1850, and on his return to this country soon after, he estabH.shed himself in general practice in Worcester. For thirty years he devoted himself to his profession, seeing patients even on the very day of his sudden death, December 30, 1885, at the age of sixty-six.

He was a member of the local and state medical societies and during the war of 1861-65 was examining surgeon for volunteers. From 1863 to 1866 he was city physician and again in 1877 he held this position, and from 1871 to 1880